Analytical review of a The movie scarface Essay

Scientific audit of a The film scarface - Essay Example The dim completion was a useful example about the quest for power and its abuse. Scarface is an involvement with film that gives social reflection through an investigation of the subjects. Watching the film Scarface is an encounter that is amazing and has the fruitful effect of an advanced dim fantasy. The useful example that is told through this symbolic storyline is that of pursuing the American dream and of the outcomes of pursuing it no matter what. The film itself has become a piece of American culture. One of the most cited lines from a film originating from this film as Pacino levels his weapon and is associated with having said â€Å"Say hi to my little friend!† (Scarface). Nonetheless, the line that more probable summarizes the film, likewise said by Pacino is â€Å"In this nation, you gotta bring in the cash first. At that point when you get the cash, you get the force. At that point when you get the force, at that point you get the women’ (Scarface). The foc al point of the film, be that as it may, isn't on ladies, however on the force. The film depends on the procurement of intensity, a conviction by the fundamental characters that force is the asset from which every single other preferred position can be picked up. The film utilized an extraordinary number of procedures that assisted with accentuating the implications of the storyline. In watching the film, the edges of the camera particularly give setting to the implications of the scenes. For instance, in a scene where Pacino is being cross examined, the camera is utilized at an eye-level shot, different characters strolling around the situated Pacino as the camera is straightforwardly centered around him. As Pacino is locked in by the camera, the shot coordinated at him, plainly different individuals from the scene are above him in significance, yet not equivalent to him. The blend of the shot with the manner by which the scene is acted clarifies that no other level can coordinate the level at which Pacino’s character sits. The zoom in and zoom out shots are likewise used to make this inclination, coming in on Tony’s face to place him in the focal point of the activity where required. Coming in close on Tony’s face during a significant scene, for example, the one in the house, takes into account the film to proceed with the situation of Tony as the focal point of the universe inside the film. An incredible number of the scenes are taken shots at a medium shot level, the setting being as significant as the communications of the characters. A considerable lot of the scenes are done in outfit medium shots with the goal that the entirety of the individuals from the scene are accessible to the scene, yet close enough to quantify their responses to each other. This procedure is compelling in deciphering the territory of Tony’s presence, his life bigger and loaded up with the trappings of his prosperity. In shooting from a medium separati on, the scene presents something other than outward appearance, yet catches the manner by which the non-verbal communication deciphers the exchange. Too, in the popular scene with the weapon wherein the famous statement â€Å"Say hi to my little friend† is articulated, the medium shot is utilized to concentrate on Tony so his non-verbal communication and outward appearances are obviously deciphered. A large portion of the film is done in calm lighting, the contrasts between the shadows and the light distinct and all around characterized. This utilization of light takes into account the power of the film to be deciphered through the visual effect of unforgiving lighting that is in high differentiation.

Uses of Statistical information Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employments of Statistical data - Research Paper Example Employments of Statistical data In the work environments, factual investigation of research overviews and surveys, introductions including histograms, bar diagrams and so forth are very normal and determining and projection of results is the center ability of the organization accordingly making the measurements the life and blood of the organization. As indicated by the official definition as created by (American Marketing Association (AMA), 2008) â€Å"Marketing research is the capacity that interfaces the shopper, client, and open to the advertiser through data - data used to distinguish and characterize showcasing openings and issues; produce, refine, and assess promoting activities; screen promoting execution; and improve comprehension of advertising as a procedure. Promoting research determines the data required to address these issues, plans the techniques for gathering data, oversees and actualizes the information assortment process, breaks down, and conveys the discoveries and their suggestions. What is on e case of distinct insights utilized in your work environment? Elucidating Statistics are utilized as a way to sum up the informational index and are utilized to introduce the informational index quantitatively. Models incorporate the utilization of histograms, box plots, cross arrangement procedures and proportions of focal propensity. The qualities of these insights make them imperative to any type of informational collection. In advertising research for instance, a study may require a specific proportion of respondents to be men and the other to be female. Hence, the extent of guys and females among the respondents happens to most extreme significance to the exploration venture. Contingent upon the necessity of the exploration, the extent of male and female gives a ton of data with respect to the goals of the study. This data can likewise be utilized to set up connections with different factors, for example, brand devotion, factors affecting dynamic and family unit size among others. This data can likewise be utilized to separate between the reactions of guys and the females and help in making derivations about the examination in the last phases of the exploration. What is one case of inferential insights utilized in your working environment? Inferential insights are utilized to reach a determination about a populace from an example. On account of promoting research firms, the analysts need to examine rev iew results and inferential measurements are imperative in reaching significant inferences from the consequences of the examination. For instance, while assessing the danger of opponent items for a specific item ‘X’ it was finished up through overviews that solitary 30% of the individuals will switch over to an adversary item in the following a half year. Another case of inferential measurements could identify with client inclinations regarding quality where the outcomes show that 65% of clients buy a specific brand of cooking oil since they see it as of the best quality which 30% do so in light of the fact that they see it as the most moderate. These models unmistakably delineate how inferential measurements help make inferences after the consequences of different investigations have been collected and broke down. How is information at every one of the four degrees of estimation utilized in your work environment? On the off chance that your working environment doesn't utilize each of the four levels, portray how such information could be utilized. Advertising research utilizes information at every one of t

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Liquidity Preference Functions at Stanford GSB

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Liquidity Preference Functions at Stanford GSB When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. “Leave it to clever biz students to dress up a party as a business meeting,” quips a past Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) News article in reference to the school’s weekly  Liquidity Preference Functionsâ€"or LPFsâ€"explaining, “Every Friday […] students blow off end-of-the-week steam over beverages, food, and loud music.” Essentially happy hours, LPFs are a longstanding GSB social tradition in which students get together to enjoy spirits at local establishments after classes. Alumni even have LPF events during reunions. In fact, the gatherings are such a quintessential part of the GSB experience that two of the school’s graduates who  started a winery together  named one of their wines “LPF”  to honor this facet of their time at their alma mater. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at the Stanford GSB and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business) Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Liquidity Preference Functions at Stanford GSB When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. “Leave it to clever biz students to dress up a party as a business meeting,” quips a Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) News article in reference to the school’s weekly Liquidity Preference Functionsâ€"or LPFsâ€"explaining, “Every Friday … students blow off end-of-the-week steam over beverages, food, and loud music.” Essentially happy hours, LPFs are a longstanding GSB social tradition in which students get together to enjoy spirits at local establishments after classes. Alumni even have LPF events during reunion. In fact, the gatherings are such a quintessential part of the GSB experience that two of the school’s graduates who started a winery together named one of their wines LPF  to honor this facet of their time at their alma mater. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at the Stanford GSB and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business) Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Liquidity Preference Functions at Stanford GSB When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. “Leave it to clever biz students to dress up a party as a business meeting,” quips a Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB) News article in reference to the school’s weekly  Liquidity Preference Functions â€"or LPFsâ€" explaining, “Every Friday … students blow off end-of-the-week steam over beverages, food, and loud music.” Essentially happy hours, LPFs are a longstanding GSB social tradition in which students get together to enjoy spirits at local establishments after classes. Alumni even have LPF events during reunions. In fact, the gatherings are such a quintessential part of the GSB experience that two of the school’s graduates who  started a winery together  named one of their wines LPF  to honor this facet of their time at their alma mater. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at the Stanford GSB and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business)

Education Barriers Of Poor Countries - 1971 Words

Natasha Juvera Professor Martineau English 122 3 April 2016 Education Barriers in Poor Countries According to a new UNESCO policy paper 58 million children aged 6 to 11 are not receiving any education. Over 40% of these children will never enter a classroom (Unesco.org). In Afghanistan, President Hamid Karzai said, â€Å"almost half of school-age children do not have access to education. Some because of war or their schools have closed by the Taliban or others, or they do not have the ability to go to school† (Rawa.org). Pakistan has the world’s poorest education systems with 3 million children out of school (en.unesco.org). Girls in poor countries face barriers such as cost of education, violence, poverty, gender norms, and early pregnancy;†¦show more content†¦Cost of education makes it hard for them because they do not have the money for textbooks or bus fares. Many classrooms in Pakistan do not have textbooks, even though books are considered the most important instructional material for the student’s. Childr en score higher in tests of math and reading comprehension when they are provided textbooks. Other issues are the quality of the books are flawed with factual errors, inappropriate illustrations, and problems with readability, due to factual and grammatical errors, along with major deviations from the specifications set by the Curriculum Bureau. The language of the text creates confusion because it differs greatly from one grade to another and even subject to subject among books at the same level (YesPakistan.com, 2002). Throughout Pakistani society, education of girls is prohibited. Sending girls to school is against family honor. Education is viewed as un-Islamic by the Pakistani Taliban. The terrorist frown upon co-education, and in retaliation destroy the schools and the children. More than 800 schools in the region have been attacked since 2009, according to government education authorities (Siddiqui). Co-education remains to be an issue in Pakistan, despite the positive sides to it such as, enabling women and man to understand each other while having positive interactions (Ahmad). Since the attack of the Taliban on a Peshawar public school where a

Critique of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, came as a reaction to the dreadful damages of the Second World War. This declaration was built according to the fundamentals of equality. It lists us all of our rights, all of our freedoms and how we can express them freely. It was constructed on the basic fact of it being just, equal to all, and right. However, are all articles applicable on all of mankind? Or can some of these be questioned? Generally, all of these articles should be applicable for the majority of humans, but not all of them. There is always an exception to the rule. There is always an outlier that doesn’t follow the rules. Many countries have rejected or not signed this declaration, therefore this declaration†¦show more content†¦People are still fighting and battling to erase these distinctions completely. This is a process every person looking for an equal and just world should follow. Article 5 states that no one shall be subjected to torture or to be cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment. What about those who commit inhuman acts, those who torture other humans for the fun of it, don’t they deserve toShow MoreRelatedAre human rights innate and universal? Essay1688 Words   |  7 PagesAre human rights innate and universal? Living Human Rights Post WWII on the 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was espoused by the General Assembly of the United Nations in order to agree on the notion that such atrocities that occurred throughout the Great War and the Second World War would not ever be reciprocated. The document that was drawn up in less than two years by the UN and Western states, and although ambitious it would guarantee a premise for life andRead MoreReflection on Human Rights821 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay on Universal Declaration of Human Rights Every single human being on this planet has rights. 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Dating as far back as 400 B.C., prisons have held a variety of meanings and served a wide array of functions, but in its fundamental use, prisons are intended to supplement the rise of a state as a form of social organization (Roberts). The most common use of prisons isRead MoreDichotomy Of Universalism And Relativism841 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the human rights discussion. Dahre argues that there is no middle ground between Universalism and cultural relativism. Thorough analysis and critique of this dichotomy manifests a divergent human rights theory, relative universalism. Dahre’s suggestion that relative universalism is the solution for the dichotomy falls short in facilitating any innovation, be that as it may, his assertions create a dialogue on global citizenship that are salient. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)Read MoreThe First Half Of The 19th Century1497 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigration. In 1790 the population was 4 million by 1840 it was 17 million. Economic growth was also proceeding at a very fast pace, as the beginning of the Industrial Revolution began to take place. The 19th century was also the start of the Women’s Rights Movement. Individualism started to become a main focus for a group that was very important and prominent in this area, they were called the transcendentalists. The transcendentalists were a group of writers and thinkers who were active in the 1830’s

The And Christianity Of Christianity - 1744 Words

Courage and Christianity Christianity is one of the worlds most recognizable religions today. With every major religion, a struggle has to be overcome in order to be successful. Over a period of hundreds of years, Christianity spread through the Roman empire. The spreading of Christianity was not an easy task but a terrifying task that took the brave to conquer. Although several powerful rulers were important in spreading Christianity in Ancient Rome, it would not have taken root if not for its appeal among the slaves and the lower class. Jesus, a Jewish prophet and teacher, taught during the reign of Augustus that he was the son of God. Jesus message told that he was sent into the world to deliver the people from their sins. Jesus’s disciples spreaded his word and helped him gain many followers. â€Å"Many disciples believed that a final judgement day was near at hand, on which God would reward the righteous with immortality and condemn sinners into everlasting hell,† (Guisepi 1). 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Explore the ways in which Shakespeare shows that Romeo and Juliet live in a patriarchal society Essay Example For Students

Explore the ways in which Shakespeare shows that Romeo and Juliet live in a patriarchal society? Essay Elizabethan England was very patriarchal during Shakespeares period. Men were considered the leaders and the dominant sex. Women were regarded as inferiors to men, not just in terms of physical strength but psychologically too. Shakespeare who lived at this time included patriarchy in his work and is one of the most famous writers of all time. This is why Elizabethan time is also known as Shakespearean time. The title of the play is also patriarchal as it starts with the male name in front of the female name. It is ironic in Romeo and Juliet because nobody wins at the end unlike Macbeth and many other Shakespeare plays. Although there was an unmarried woman on the throne in Elizabethan England, the roles of women in society were very limited. Men were expected to be in control and bring in the money in order to look after the family. Women, on the other hand were expected to produce male heirs for the family and be housekeepers. We will write a custom essay on Explore the ways in which Shakespeare shows that Romeo and Juliet live in a patriarchal society? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Act 1 scene 1 begins with two minor characters in the play. In the conversation between the Capulet servants, Shakespeare uses sexual innuendo, Tis true; and therefore women, being the weaker vessels are ever thrust to the wall . This shows the patriarchy in the minds of men and that men know they have a higher status than women. Samson must believe that he has a greater strength than women or else he would not believe that he could thrust the Montague maids to the wall. In addition, there is sexual innuendo in Act 2 Scene 1. Mercutio talks to Romeo when he is infatuated with Rosaline. He uses the words Spirit which could mean seamen and circle which could mean a Womans genital area. The servant Samson also talks about his sexual attraction: tis known that I am a pretty piece of flesh this also means that he is sexually active. This would be indecent for an unmarried woman to say. A wife would be a possession or a prize that the husband had incurred. Lord Capulet treats Juliet like a possession : and you be mine, Ill give you to my friend and uses this line to threaten Juliet. Juliet also knows that she is a possession to men although I am sold I am not yet enjoyed. Romeo and Juliet use religious imagery in Act 1 Scene 5 to give a sense of holiness and purity to Juliet. Romeo sees Juliet in innocent religious terms and talks to Juliet with holy words, This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this. Romeo believes that he can gain catharasis by kissing Juliet. Romeo uses religious imagery when describing Juliet O, speak again, bright angel This also an example of women expected to be angelic and pure. In the street a brawl takes place between the two feuding families Capulet and Montague. There are no other women who are present with the exception of Lady Montague and Lady Capulet who would be shown at their husbands side. This emphasises on the patriarchal image, as the women would be behind the men when acted out on the stage. This is expected in the story line of a play in Elizabethan times as that is what the audience and society would have expected to see. Act 1 scene 1 also includes the prince, who is the alpha patriarch. Act 1 scene 2 includes Capulet and Paris discussing the marriage plans between Paris and Juliet. The men are making the decision of marriage without Juliet being there this is an example that men make the decisions. Lord Capulet talking to Paris is an example of dramatic irony because the audience knows information that the characters do not. This information is that Romeo and Juliet are already married. .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 , .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .postImageUrl , .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 , .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6:hover , .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6:visited , .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6:active { border:0!important; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6:active , .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6 .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue69fb4340120bbf9666c074e4e2668b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Language Literature Coursework: Shakespeare; Romeo Juliet EssayIt is also unexpected and confusing to Lord Capulet in Act 3 Scene 5 because Juliet refuses to marry Paris yet she had previously agreed that she would marry him. He is also confused because he had done everything the society had expected him to do, he had done his patriarchal duty by finding her a husband who in his eyes was a worthy a gentlemen and a gallant, young and noble gentlemen. To show his anger Lord Capulet uses figurative language and verbal violence. Juliet does not stand up for herself but asks whether she can speak. This shows that men dominate the conversation and have the authority over the w omen to tell them whether they can speak or not. When Lord Capulet enters the stage there are three women also present on the stage yet the man stays in charge. This shows that men have the authority to overrule a high number of women even when they are the only male there. Marriage is rebelled by the two feuding families. This is going against the social mores and social expectations. It is expected for the father to pick the husband but in this case, they pick each other. They know that everybody in their families will hate the relationship but they feel love is stronger than hate heres much to do with hate, but more with love. Even though Romeo and Juliet had rebelled against their family, Romeo still believes that he is in charge of the relationship. Juliet shows submissiveness and calls Romeo my lord. Death imagery is used as a repetitive motif throughout the play. From the very beginning, Juliet had a feeling that either she or Romeo would end up death. Let death be my marriage bed In conclusion, Shakespeare shows that Romeo and Juliet live in a patriarchal society with his use of language, literature and stagecraft. He uses the language and stagecraft to make it clear to the audience that men are in power and women are the inferior sex and have a weaker status in society.

Holistic heal Essay Example

Holistic heal Paper Holistic health is maintaining good health by considering the well being of the spiritual and emotional factors along with the components that make up the physical body. The miraculous recovery of a patient from the hopeless condition that cannot be explained in modern medicine is spontaneous healing. The modern medicine compares physical body of a human being to a mechanical device. Man has spiritual and psychological components along with the physical body, and by simply considering the physical body one cannot give a correct explanation to spontaneous healing. The physical body is the microcosm of the universe and it has the innate ability to maintain and recover in a holistic nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Holistic heal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Holistic heal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Holistic heal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Spontaneous healing can be explained with two metaphysical thoughts. According to the first theory the psychological abilities of an individual such as courage, faith, prayer, optimism and hope play a role in the process of spontaneous recovery. (Aldridge, David, 1993). In the second metaphysical thought a mental shift allows the healing process leading to recovery which can attribute to the grace of god. The visible, felt and the observable improvement of health irrespective of the treatment given are referred to as â€Å"the placebo effect†. The treatment or the medication given to a person with an intention that its effect would be inert or innocuous is placebo. According to some the effect of the placebo is psychological, which may be due to the belief or feeling of the person that he is improving. The psychological effect has its role in one’s body chemistry. The illness may take its natural course and the person may recover, and in that way the placebo effect may due to nature. When a person needs energy, he gets that energy through spiritual healing, and the holistic health of a person depends on the treatment on the body, mind and spirit, the harmonization of which gives a good health. The benefits of spiritual healing include peace of mind, self-confidence, and the capacity to give or receive unconditional love. Mechanism of spontaneous healing    Depression, anxiety, negative stress, trauma and emotion of the patient have a profound effect on the administered treatment. It is the emotions and the subconscious acceptance of the patient for the therapy. The body has a powerful healing mechanism, the connection between the mind and body is powerful. In the mechanism of spontaneous healing, opioids are released by the patient from certain areas of the brain. These opioids are released as result of certain thought processes, and the corresponding neurotransmitters are endorphins that are powerful in relieving pain. A patient with cancer may produce more amounts of interleukin II and interferon that destroy the malignant tumor cells. Every cell of DNA has the capability to produce anti-tumor drugs that can cure the disease in a very short time which is referred to as the spontaneous remission. It is the trust, happiness and the confidence of the patient that triggers the release of these drugs. The body cell has receptors for some of the chemicals in the synthetic drugs that make the drugs work. Majority of the positive results are due to the body’s own healing response. (Andreas Moritz, 2005).   Majority of the treatments to manage the symptoms of the disease irritable bowel syndrome favor a non-drug approach. The different mind/body treatments to the IBS include hypnotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and a brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. These treatments have proven efficiency in the clinical trials. (Bruce D. Naliboff et.al,, 2007) The holistic theory of cancer states that the disturbance in the information system inhibits the body to transmit the required flow information due to the blockage at a particular location in contrast to the healthy body where all the cells communicate with each other and know exactly about their function. According to this theory cancer does occurs in particular areas of the body where the person earlier had emotional problems. It is important for a patient to know that the improvement in the quality of life results in recovery. The spontaneous remission of cancer occurs through the spiritual break through, which is being more alive, an individual knowing about one’s self, realizing the talents and the way of using these inherent talents. Recovering the human character and the purpose of life with conscious based medicine will induce the remission of the disease. (Soren Ventegodt, 2004). Human mechanism for the healing process is amazing, and it is necessary to encourage this process by all the available means. It is important to optimize the healing systems by the modification of the life-style, knowing about the facts associated with the food, environmental toxins, reducing stress, using vitamins and supplements. It is important for the patient to mange illness with trust confidence and realizing one’s self.   (Andrew Weil, 2005). Many patients were successful to overcome the hopeless situations and the positive thinking helped them for a spontaneous healing process. The refusal of the patient to accept that there is no cure for the disease, seeking the help from the friends, family and relatives on the new types of possibilities, a friendship with the healthy people who are professionals, moving away from the toxic relationships and moving to new places, which are the slow but constructive changes that help the patient for healing. Considering the illness as a gift drastically improves the growth and development of the personality of the patient. Being submissive or accepting the disease instead of fighting helps to activate the immune system. (Lee.E.W, 1997). Deficiency of the studies A number of studies were done on how a person can achieve a holistic health, on a variety of methods, systems, approaches, philosophies, and movements. All these studies are unable to clarify the simplicity of achieving the total health that misguides the people in providing an understanding of the health. There is no clear explanation of the idea of the concept that we can create our own reality. These ideas are supposed to be egocentric and are based on the fears, desires and insecurities. This approach ignores the combination of outside influences and the complex interior of the human body. These methods stress that expectancy of thinking good always gives life free of pain. Importance of the study The importance of the desire for the well being of the humanity on a global perspective is appreciated. Achieving the holistic health of the human being is a problem that requires a deep investigation. The well being of the humanity depends on the inner well being and the harmony of the individual. It is our responsibility to create a better world not only for us but also for the future generations. It is the desire of the humanity to experience a life filled with joy, and pleasure that are achievable by a balanced state of metal- physical- emotional and spiritual state. Purpose of the study The main purpose of my study is to make the people understand the concept of   holistic health and the components of the holistic health with an intention to empower people with holistic health. It is the interpretation of the psychiatrists that there exists a relationship between the religion/spirituality and health. They address the issues of religion and spirituality in their clinical encounters. Conclusion: A majority of the psychiatrists stress the importance of the religion/spirituality at a functional level. Psychiatrists are more comfortable than the physicians to address the issues of religion/spirituality at the clinical settings. Future studies: It is important to study the negative emotions that inhibit to know about the inner emotions that play an important role for the healing process. There is a need to resolve the negative emotions that arise from the spirituality, which is a subconscious way of detoxification through the process of abreaction. According to one theory there is a correlation between the spiritual crisis and mental illness, and psychologists openly incorporate spirituality into the treatment process, it requires a deep study while incorporating the spirituality in the treatment protocol. There is a need to clarify on the outcome of healing and the mechanism that initiates the healing process. This study focuses on the interaction between the mind and body and non-drug approach to manage the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Conclusion: It is important to recognize the concept of connection between the mind and body and including the physiological aspects in the treatment process will do good for the patients of IBS. According to this study it is important to manage the illness with stress management techniques, self-esteem, self- empowerment, mindfulness and acceptance. Future studies: The study needs to concentrate on the root cause of the disease. A data that supports the mechanism that initiates healing is required. There is a need to discuss on the thought process that initiates healing, and a need for discussion on the role of patient in desiring a change that initiates the healing process. References Aldridge, David, Ph.D.,( 1993) Is There Evidence for Spiritual Healing, Advance,The Journal of Mind-Body Health, Vol. 9, No. 4 Andreas Moritz,2005, Timeless secrets of health and rejuvenation. Ener-Chi wellness Center LLC publications Andrew Weil, (2005), Spontaneous Healing: How to Discover and Embrace Your Bodys Natural Ability to Maintain and Heal Itself Bruce D. Naliboff et.al, (2007) Mind/Body Psychological Treatments for Irritable Bowel Syndrome Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Vol, 5(1): pp. 41–50. Lee.E.W,(1997), spontaneous healing, PLIM report, Vol.26, No.5, Soren Ventegodt (2004), Clinical Holistic Medicine: Induction of Spontaneous Remission of Cancer by Recovery of the Human Character and the Purpose of Life (the Life Mission) The Scientific World   Journal , vol. 4, pp. 362-377

The History of Jamestown essays

The History of Jamestown essays The New World had been founded and during the 17th century England still had no claims to any part of it. King James I established two companies, made up of merchants and adventurers, the London Company and the Plymouth Company, combined they were known as the Virginia Company. The London Company was the first company to send three ships in search of three particular things, gold, the Lost Colony of Roanoke, and a route to the South Seas. These three ships were called, the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery. Stormy weather and high winds delayed their voyage for 6 weeks. On May 14, 1607 the three ships arrived at an island in the James River, named for their King. They landed 60 miles from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. It had been a long and difficult journey but 105 out of 150 colonists survived. They sanctioned the island on which they landed, Jamestown. Many traditional scholars feel that the pioneers above the ship were very ill suited for the task since Captain John Smith identified half of the men as gentlemen. If they were gentlemen then what would they know about building colony? Almost immediately after landing, the colonists were attacked by the Algonquian natives. In a little over a months time the colonists had built a wooden fort to protect themselves. Jamestown was chosen because of the military advantages it supplied in case there was any warfare. It was protected on three sides by the river and marshes, it was out of sight from the Spanish, and it had a deep-water mooring for the ships. It was mostly swamp land and finding fresh water was a major problem. The first few winters in Jamestown were the hardest for the colonists. Of the 105 who landed on May 14th, only 38 survived the 1st winter. In 1608, 200 more colonists arrived followed by 400 more, a year later. During 1609-1610, the starving time, the colonists population was reduced to 60. That ...

Explanatory Synthesis Materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explanatory Synthesis Materials - Essay Example The human brain is under the influence of ever-expanding world of new technology. There is internet, Bluetooth links, video games, multichannel television, and MP3 players. This article describes how online technologies have changed how people experience life in the digital age using the concepts derived from â€Å"In the Beginning Was the Word† by Christine Rosen, â€Å"Treading Water in a Sea of Data† by Peter Suderman, and â€Å"The Tweets for the Web† by Tyler Cowen. According to Cowen, the advent of computer and the internet has significantly changed the way people think and solve problems. With the technology, people are capable of performing various activities at once within a short period of time. This is referred to as multitasking (Cowen 578). In the Nineteenth Century, people spent too much time looking for a small piece of information in books, articles, encyclopedias and atlases. With the internet, it only takes people less than one minute to look fo r a piece of information. The Web also helps people to develop broader intellectual narrative about the world (Cowen 579). Cowen argues that multitasking makes people more efficient in performing their tasks than the manual way, unlike other researches that criticize that it lowers people’s cognitive performance level to that of drunk (Cowen 580). Multitasking has thus become people’s daily activity, and it does not distract people from their main activities as some people suggest. Internet and technological advancements have become part of people’s lives. It is never a long-distance relationship, as it was earlier perceived. People can instantly access books and other reference materials from the Web. Most people currently prefer contemporary culture, which is satisfying and contributes to happiness of most people. This is the reason why most people choose technologies that provide immediate and extreme access to information (Cowen 577). Browsers have evolved f rom mere picture windows for viewing Web pages, to a frame of an array of applications which filter, sort and manipulate information for its human users. According to Suderman, these applications assist users to stay afloat as the vast tide of information continues to increase (Suderman 585). There are programs of blog and news updates. This program pulls information from varied sources and organizes it into a single Web page which is easily accessible. The news headlines are organized into categories such as technology, politics, business, economics, arts and entertainment. The other programs are designed to facilitate personal communications. These include social networking sites like Twitter, MySpace and Facebook, and email applications (Suderman 585). Internet and technological advancements just like most commercial developments are geared to be brighter, louder, and overwhelming to engage users, attentions. The availability of personal computers, tablets, iPhones and other devi ces has made reading easier and more appealing than before. People in the current generation find reading books difficult, and most of the readings and research works are done through the internet (Suderman 586). Suderman argues that the informational rhythms of the present time sometimes make people forget that as much as they manage the information, they should also manage themselves. Rosen in her article strives to understand the cognitive difference between reading online and offline.

Writing Assignment - DRAMA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writing Assignment - DRAMA - Essay Example It is largely through this element which Shakespeare examines the power which love can have over those it touches, even when that love is clearly not merited. However, even before the potion makes its appearance, the lovers are thoroughly obsessed with one another. When Demetrius tells Helena that he â€Å"cannot love her,† she replies with: These lines show how powerful a grip love has on her. She does not even care whether or not her love is returned—in fact, that it is not returned only makes her more in love. Once the love potion is applied to the various lovers, the situation worsens: first Lysander, then Demetrius both fall for Helena, who becomes so unhappy that she accuses them of being â€Å"bent / to set against me for your merriment,† so convinced is she that they both love Hermia and are mocking her love for Demetrius. (ibid. III.ii.146-147) This shows another aspect which the love potion obviously deals with: the illusion of love. By making the men in the play both fall for the woman that neither of them actually love at the plays start, Shakespeare points out that often what we think is â€Å"love† is nothing of the sort. This is driven home by the mens bombastic exclamations of love for Helena, with Lysander claiming that she â€Å"more engilds the night / than all yon fiery Os and eyes of light.† (ibid. III.ii.187-188) Furthermore, both Lysander and Demetrius are determined that their love for Helena will last â€Å"until death† (ibid. III.ii.168) or that it has returned to her â€Å"to remain† (ibid. III.ii.173). This is â€Å"love† is nothing more than illusion, as the ending of the play shows. However, because of the humorous incident of Titania falling for the ass-headed Bottom and the generally light treatment in this comedy of errors, love still comes out ahead in the end as a great unifying force. Strindbergs The Stronger portrays matters

The Paradoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics Essay Example for Free

The Paradoxical Twins Acme and Omega Electronics Essay From reading this case study I found that Acme and Omega have problems that need to be looked at. Both firms produce similar products and offer similar services. In this assignment I am going to analyse the forms of control used in Acme and Omega. I will also try and comment on both firms effectiveness. I will try to be thorough as possible. I will first begin to give brief background information on both companies and then try to compare them to one another and try to comment on their effectiveness to the full. To end it I will give my conclusion. From looking into Acme I gained knowledge that its president John Tyler is a very tough going individual. He is portrayed to be an autocratic individual. I say this because he tends to communicate in one way, for example what he says goes. He makes all the decisions and gives out all instructions and orders, expecting them to be obeyed, without question. An employee/ manager categories the president as one man band. He feels that John Tyler should try and give more information rather than giving orders. He also does not take suggestions from people. To me it looks as if there is a slight communication problem. There are times when I wished I had little more information about what is going on. This shows Acme employees are kept in the dark Mushroom management Keep the troop in the dark and pile on the _ _ _ _(work). The managers also feel that they need a little more freedom at work. This shows that John Tyler may be pressurising them constantly. To back up my point some of the managers voiced the desire to have a little more latitude in their jobs The president also is made to look like a tough person and runs the firm well in terms of high standards and good production levels. Managers feel that he runs a tight ship. This shows that he wants everything correct and dead on. This on the other hand shows that Acme has good control and is well structured. Acme is a flat and formal structured organisation, this is an advantage as it is easier to spot problems i.e. communication problem, shows how different sections of the firm relate to each other, it shows who is in charge, who makes and carries the decisions and shows individuals where there positions in the firm is. Having a flat structure makes it quicker to solve problems, less roumous and gossip. Tyler seems like a very confident and strong minded person We have been able to beat Omega regularly for the most profitable contracts thereby, increasing our profits. John Tylers attitude resembles F.W Taylor (1911) views. He believed that these 5 principles increased production: 1. A clear division of tasks and responsibilities between management and workers 2. Use of Scientific methods to determine the best way of doing a job. Read more:Â  The Paradoxical Twins ACME and Omega Electronics 3. Scientific selection of the person to do the newly job. 4. The training of the selected worker to perform the job in the way specified. 5. Enthusiastic co-operation with the workers to ensure that the work was performed in accordance with scientific management principles and this was secured by use of economic incentives. John Tyler carries out methods and procedures the classical way. From reading inside Omega I found that the president Jim Rawls did not believe in organisational charts/ structures. Organisation charts just put artificial barriers between specialists who should be working together. Although I think that Omega is a matrix organisation. I feel that not having an organisational structure does not clearly show what position the employee has in the firm, therefore causes problems within the work force as workers will work in any department. This means that the individual may feel that s/he does not have full responsibilities. The worker also would not have a clear job description, this may effect the firms effectiveness. To back up my point of workers not having a clear job description a worker said When I first got here I wasnt sure what I was supposed to do. One day I worked with some mechanical engineers the next day I helped the shipping department design some packing cartons. This overall can cause low working standards and low morale- low production output. Jim Rawls felt that having an organisational chart would create problems between specialists. I also deduced that Omega had no clear form of communication. I say this because he does not allow written memos, he expressed the plant is small if people want to communicate they can just drop by and talk things over. Employees of Omega complained that this was a waste of time. To me passing round is time consuming and gives workers excuse of talking to one another, this slows down production and performance. Also messages can be misleading if someone passes the wrong message out. This can also cause problems as workers will not get the correct information. Most decisions at Omega were made by the management team. Acme has an organisation structure therefore communication is good although there are improvements that need to be made like the way John Tyler communicates with his managers. Whereas Omega has no structure therefore is causing problems within the firm. Ames president is a person who wants everything perfect. He believes his firms greater effectiveness to his mangers is to run a tight ship. This I think is because his firm would have: * Good control * Good communication * Dept functions * Well structured and organised * Has simple reporting relationship * Concentration on skills. This shows Acmes president has a firm grip whereas Omegas president does not, he seems to be more laid back. Acmes president is autocratic leader as he does what he wants and does not take other workers/ mangers opinions or suggestions into consideration. The advantage of an autocratic style is known as efficient and it is essential in some circumstances. Autocratic leadership produces quicker decisions, however the autocratic style creates frustrations and resentment. Whereas Omegas president is a democratic leader, as he seeks the opinions and suggestions of workers. This shows that he shows interest in his workers. Although he sometimes spends too much of his time informing workers of information. Omegas decisions are made by management team whereas Acmes decisions are made by the president. Acmes president demands rather than speak politely demanded that Mechanical Engineering begins building those damn chassis. On the other hand Jim Rawls spends too much of his time listening to suggestion Jim spends too much time and mine making sure everyone understands what were doing and listening to suggestions. From reading the part where both firms are trying to reach the deadline of completing the units on time and successfully I can comment on both firms. I think Acme did well because of the way they communicated. For example John Tyler sent out a memo to all departments stating the critical time constraints of this job and how he expected that everyone would perform as efficiently as they had in the past. This showed that Tyler was controlling his employees. Although John Tyler put a lot of pressure on his employees. Because Acme had a structure, this allowed them to be well organised, therefore helped and keep everything in control. Whilst trying to complete the units John Tyler and the Head of Industrial Engineering fell into a dilemma. dont bother me with method details now. The Head of Industrial then replies if my boss think our output is needed, to hell with him!. This shows that they both cant work well and communicate with each other. This to me seems like both of these individuals are not working together very professionally. The foreman also didnt listen to the method engineers therefore this slowed down Acme from completing the units. When the units were completed John Tyler should have checked more than just one component as this was not very professional. Acmes president needs to consider taking his workers opinions and suggestions. He should try to talk to them rather than demanding on what he wants. From looking at the way Omega was preparing to complete the units for the photocop ier Jim Rawls gave good advise compared to Tyler. Jim Rawls did not pressure his workers but told his workers what to prepare for. He outlined what the job involved and discussed what was to be started on. Omegas workers seemed to be very organised and methodical, they worked well and communicated well with each other compared to Acmes workers. For example when they decide to check the blue prints all of the engineers agreed after checking and rechecking the blue prints. To back up that they worked well together as a team people from Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering spent Monday night redesigning the cable. This relates to R. Likert 1961. He believed that the structure of an organisation should be formed around effective work groups rather than individuals. He proposed the concept of the overlapping group membership structure. This involved a linking pin process in which the superior member of one group was subordinate member of group above. Likert argued that the benefits of such an organisations design include improved communication increased co- operation and more team commitment and faster decision making. Overall I think Acme got the contract due to many reasons, for example Acme had a structure therefore made it look like Acme has good control. Acme also may have been given the final contract because of there past, as they achieved grater net profit than Omega Acme was consistently more effective than Omega and regularly achieved greater net profit. Acmes annual sales was also higher than Omegas. Acmes president was also a very confident and demanding man therefore it makes the firm look strong Tyler was very confident that had the demand not been so great, its competitor would not have survived. In the end Acme reduced there costs by 20% therefore the photocopier manufacture gave them the contact as it would have been more cheaper to buy units. Omega could have used the same tactics/methods but this may not have been the only thing that could have given them the contract. Things that I could suggest that may have given them the contact would be if they were a larger firm with a clear structure to show that they have some sort of control.

Potassium :: essays research papers fc

Potassium   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Potassium is a vital element in the human body. Potassium had never been distinguished between sodium until the eighteenth century. Before potassium was recognized as an element, potassium carbonate was mixed with animal fat to make soap. It was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in England, in 1807. Sir Davy was able to isolate potassium using electrolysis. Potassium was the first metal isolated by this procedure. Today, it is still not found free in nature. It is obtained by electrolysis of chloride or hydroxide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Potassium is a solid silvery white element. It is soft and can be cut with a knife. Potassium is the least dense known metal, besides lithium. It is the seventh most abundant element. It makes up about 1.5% by weight of the earth's crust. It decomposes in water because of the hydrogen. It usually catches fire during reaction with water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Potassium is an essential component for plant growth. Potassium is absorbed by plants in larger amounts than most other mineral elements. Potassium is supplied to plants by soil minerals, organic materials, and inorganic fertilizer. Potassium is not found in organic combination with plant tissues. Potassium plays an essential role in the metabolic processes of plants. Potassium also is essential in carbohydrate metabolism, a process by which energy is obtained from sugar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Potassium is one of the most important elements in human diet. To begin with, potassium works with sodium for various reasons. For example, it helps to regulate body waste, control heart rhythms, and assist in reducing high blood pressure. It also aids in clear thinking by sending oxygen to the brain. This element is crucial to the maintenance of the nervous system and the muscular system. Potassium is an electrolyte, and therefor regulates the balance of fluids inside and outside the cells, including blood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The human body needs potassium to function. The body may become short of potassium in many situations. Excessive physical activity, severe cases of stress, drinking of alcohol or coffee all consume the potassium in the body leaving the person with a deficiency of the mineral. As a result of this deficiency severe fatigues, muscle weakness, nervous disorders, cardiac arrest, and poor reflexes can occur. Too much potassium in the body may result in dehydration. The kidneys can retain or get rid of too much potassium. Either extreme is dangerous for the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If potassium is such a vital nutrient to the human body it has to be a mineral that can be found in a regular diet.

Organisational Analysis

The aim of this essay is to explore and discuss the view that mechanistic and bureaucratic organisations will probably struggle to encourage organisational learning. The structure and learning perspectives of organisational analysis will be used as academic lenses to view and propel this discussion. Relevant theories will be applied to analyse my own organisational experiences (direct and indirect). Examples derived from case studies of organisational situations will be looked at so as to make the discussion more cohesive. To begin with definitions of the perspectives in question will be given as to make understanding of the different types of organisations clearer. According to Drummond (2000) mechanical imagery depicts organisations as static machine-like entities operating in a steady and predictable manner. Likewise, the metaphor of bureaucracy suggests that people in organisations are bounded by rules, job descriptions and organisation charts. It is important to note that Taylor’s philosophy is founded upon mechanical imagery. The key concepts in the structural perspective are based on Taylor’s principles of scientific management and Weber’s ideal bureaucracy. Taylor (1911) formalised the principles of scientific management into four objectives which are division of labour, one best way, scientific selection and training and monitor performance. In Taylor’s view, organisations need clearly articulated objectives, sharp divisions of labour, specified hierarchies and responsibilities and formalised systems of control. Taylor saw people as near-automatons (robots), potentially troublesome perhaps, but basically programmable given proper supervision and appropriate incentives. In Taylor’s eyes, the existence of contradiction and ambiguity in organisations were signs of managerial weakness, something which could and should be eliminated. His work is basically a recipe for clarity and control (Drummond, 2000). According to Taylor (1911), output could be increased not by requiring operatives to work harder, but by showing them how to work more efficiently. Taylor came up with scientific management for shop floor workers but I have realised that even the fast food industry has adopted the same kind of set-up. Whilst working in McDonalds on the BigMac grill there was a systematic approach to work and it was timed, 1 – place buns in toaster, 2 – after thirty seconds place burgers on grill, 3 – dress the buns, 4 – place burgers on buns. This routine was done by two people and we would do this all day. Steps 1 and 3 would be done by one person and steps 2 and 4 by another; this was done so that the person handling meat stayed there and not touch the buns. It was like an assembly line because the burgers moved from one employee to the other doing different things but to achieve the same outcome. Constant monitoring was in place as we were given stars according to progress or put simply as to how many different stations you can work at, e. g. a star for each station – tills, chips or chicken. The layout of the kitchen looked like one conveyor belt going round and round. Critics have mentioned that mechanistic approaches work well when the task is straightforward, stable environment, replication, precision and compliance. All these attributes are greatly present in McDonalds and the other fact was that we had to clock in and out we were expected to behave like machines to be predictable and efficient. Extreme forms of the machine metaphor of organisations are seen in the bureaucracies and mass production factories – of which McDonalds is a bit of both. Weber based his ideal bureaucracy model on legal and absolute authority, logic and order. In Weber's idealised organisational structure, the responsibilities for workers are clearly defined and behaviour is tightly controlled by policies, procedures and rules. To a certain extent organisations should have some sort of bureaucracy and there are a number of bureaucratic structures. Morgan (1993) mentioned that the types of bureaucracy are rigid (person at the top), bureaucracy with task forces and project teams (guided by strict procedures) and bureaucracy with senior management team. The main idea that Weber brought about was the rational type of bureaucracy which is characterised by specialisation, authority hierarchy, operating rules and procedures and impersonality. Now looking at Taylor the characteristics of his organisation are division of management and labour, scientification of work and specialisation of tasks. It is not difficult to note that Taylor was a big influence on Weber and we can conclude that in these types of organisations decision-making is based on fairness and strict procedures. Weber's theory of organisations reflected an impersonal attitude towards the people in the organisation. Indeed, the work force, with its personal frailties and imperfections, was regarded as a potential detriment to the efficiency of any system. Weber’s idea of rationality was best developed further by Ritzer and coined a new term for it â€Å"McDonaldisation†. According to Ritzer (2007), a society characterised by rationalisation is one which emphasises efficiency, predictability, calculability, substitution of nonhuman for human technology and control over uncertainty. The process of McDonaldisation takes a task and breaks it down into smaller tasks. This is repeated until all tasks have been broken down to the smallest possible level. The resulting tasks are then rationalized to find the single most efficient method for completing each task. All other methods are then deemed inefficient and discarded. McDonalds have standardised their product to make it more efficient, e. g. McDonalds is the same wherever you go – a big mac is still a big mac, we know what to expect in a McDonalds and we know how to behave as well because of that predictability. McDonalds’ environment is structured in a way that there are no surprises to customers. Efficiency is brought about by looking for the best route to getting the best output with least amount of resources and costs i. e. he grills in McDonalds cook meat within seconds and one person needed to operate a grill at any time. This brings us to the notion of control and calculability, there is great reliability on technology rather than humans and emphasis is on quantity rather than quality. Clearly these two approaches to viewing organisations are sort of out-dated and can be detrimental to the progress of an organisation in this day and age. Hence organisations are requi red to be flexible and evolve and also be able to cope with today’s pressures. Organisational learning (OL) is the way forward and aims at making sure that organisations are well equipped for the ever changing market place. Weick and Roberts (1993) mentioned that OL consists of interrelating actions of individuals, which are their â€Å"heedful interrelation† which results in a â€Å"collective mind†. Organisational Learning as the ability of an organisation to gain insight and understanding from experience through experimentation, observation, analysis, and a willingness to examine both successes and failures. Heedful interrelating is made possible via contribution, representation, and subordination. Organisational learning can be done and have a finite outcome. Organisations need to work faster and adapt quickly if they are to survive the current and turbulent environmental changes. Argyrils and Schon identified different types of organisational learning single and double loop learning. Single loop learning is sometimes referred to the lowest level because it only responds to change by detecting errors and then modifying strategies. Double loop learning is an advanced form of single loop learning meaning that it questions if operating norms are appropriate whereas in single loop there is embededness of culture and learned habits become resistant to change and learning. In other words double loop learning is concerned with the why and how to change the organisation while single loop learning is concerned with accepting change without questioning the underlying assumptions and core beliefs. In today’s organisational world knowledge has become really important. It is contributing to high value products and services. The rate of learning has to be greater than the rate of change and learning is the responsibility for everyone in the organisation. Organisational learning links nicely with learning organisations, this type of organisation continuously transforms itself and its context. â€Å"A learning organization is an organisation skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behaviour to reflect new knowledge and insights. † (Garvin, 1993, p. 80. ) Fincham and Rhodes (2005) mentioned that knowledge management involves organisations developing practices and policies that reward, recognise and harness the storehouse of knowledge of its people continuously innovate and remain creative using brain power as a source of competitive advantage. With the latter in mind it is wise to judge that the old ways of analysing organisations notably the structural perspective hinders organisational learning in a number of ways. Taking McDonalds as the case study it is clear that employees are merely resources which are there for use to maximise profits. Deskilling of workers because of the monotonous and repetitive work which can lead to stress because of emotional labour. Boredom and disassociation with task will creep in leading to alienation and lack of commitment. More routine and rigorous structure limits a lot because it is not good in times of change. There is limited space for creativity, innovation and flexibility because of the fragmented problem solving approach and the disconnected roles and communication. Low level of commitment and loyalty has seen a high staff turnover at McDonalds. Organisations are made up of human beings not machines. Employee alienation and customer dehumanisation is not attractive in any organisation. Bureaucratic organisations will struggle to encourage organisational learning because of their hierarchical structure. Management seem to have all the decision-making powers and this might not sit comfortably with the rest of the employees as they are disempowered. This obviously leads to inefficient decision-making, slow response due to the chain of command and politics is rife. Several critics have noted that the learning organisation model implies that managers must become interested as never before in the process of learning, as well as the results. The central statement of the learning organisation is in two parts: (1) that a key success factor for any business in the age of global competition is its ability to innovate continuously, appropriately, and faster than its rivals, and (2) that can only happen through unleashing the untapped capabilities of all its employees. The learning organisation is definitely a new and significant paradigms shift from the traditional bureaucratic view because it emphasises process over structure and contains a number of components. These components include: a vision of better organisational life, a body management practice guidelines and a network of experts and advocates, a set of mental models regarding individual and social psychology, the sociology of organisations and change and finally a concern for values of wholeness (in preference to fragmentation) and respect for people (Wheatley, 1992). Cravens et al (1996) also noted that organisations need to shift away from the old structural perspective because of the new highly dynamic environments. Many corporations are reducing management layers and organisational bureaucracy in pursuit of rightsizing or the horizontal organisation, concurrent actions include re-engineering business processes followed by organisational redesign and greater use of multifunctional teams, central issues are obtaining precision, flexibility and speed in the execution of programmes and strategies. This shift has also seen the new approach develop powerful information systems and automated knowledge capture permit the empowerment of employees in the management of business processes, priorities are more customer satisfaction and retention through greater organisational responsiveness and competitive advantage for the reformed organisation comes from added-value, created through knowledge feedback and exploitation (Cravens et al, 1996). To be effective in the workplace, we must be better learners; we must become more open to alien ideas and more humble about our own limitations. Tools and techniques cannot be separated from the vision and the values of the learning organisation. (Kofman and Senge, 1995). The learning organization approach is not just about improving productivity and work satisfaction it is also about the fundamental ethics of the workplace and the marketplace. People’s needs have to be considered and should people not be seen as productivity factors; this holistic approach sure does improve conditions and output. A happy worker is a motivated worker. I only lasted six months at McDonalds and the reasons for that are outlined in the essay. References Argyris, C. (1993) On Organizational Learning. Oxford: Blackwell Business/Blackwell Publishers. Cravens, D. W. (1996) New organisational Forms for Competing in Highly Dynamic Environments: The Network Paradigm. British Journal of Management 7: p203-217 Drummond, H. (2000) Introduction to Organisational Behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press Encyclopaedia of Small Business (2007) Organization Theory. Encyclopedia. com [Accessed on 12 Dec 2011] http://www. encyclopedia. com Fincham, R and Rhodes P. (2005) Principles of Organizational Behaviour, 4th Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press Garvin, David A. (1993) â€Å"Building a Learning Organization,† Harvard Business Review, July-Aug: p. 78-91. Kofman, F and Peter, S. (1995) Communities of Commitment: The Heart of Learning Organizations, in Learning Organizations. Sarita Chawla & John Renesch, (eds. ), Portland, Productivity Press. Morgan, G. (1993) Imaginisation, London: Sage Ritzer, G. (2007) The McDonaldisation of Society, 5th ed. London: Pine Forge Press Senge, P. (1990) The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation, New York: Doubleday. Senge P et al. (1994) The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook, New York: Doubleday Taylor, F. W. (1911) The Principles of Scientific Management. New York: Harper and Row. Wheatley, M. J. (1992) Leadership and the New Science. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.

International Project Management - 5835 Words

Executive Summary: With the increase in globalization, integration of world markets, and rise in the concept of the importance of International Project Management has increased many folds. Project management is a discipline that applies various tools, concepts, principles, practices, activities that help in improving the profitability of organization and results in overall growth. It helps organizations working in various parts of the world in integrating there operations and achieving goals. The project management concepts are based on principles of rationality in human behavior, and similarity of working culture over organizations that is a bit unrealistic due to differences in Environmental Factors such as legal, political†¦show more content†¦Project Site Selection †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 6. Selection and Training for International Projects †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 7. Managing in the Global Organization †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 8. Managing in the Environmental Scan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 9. Managing the Competitive Strategy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 10. Global Projects: Management Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 11. Proposed Project †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 12. Mile Tower ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 13. Bechtel Company †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 14. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 Refernces †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 . Introduction International project management Global Trade and investment environment have been existed in which to provide the needs of other countries or those who haven’t such product in their own country. Thus, exporting and importing have been developed or world trade has been developed. 1. It emphasizes the interplay between the proportions in which the factor of production such as, land, labor, and capital are available in different countries and the proportions in which they are needed for producing particular goods. Firms that pursue an international strategy try to create value by transferring valuable skills and products to foreign markets where indigenous competitors lack those skills and products. Most international firms have created value by transferringShow MoreRelatedInternational Journal Of Project Management785 Words   |  4 PagesAction in Inter-Organizational Networks. International Journal of Business Administration, 4(1). o Munk-Madsen, A. (1986). 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