Margaret Mead :: essays research papers

Margaret Mead was a great scientist, explorer, writer, and teacher, who educated the human race in many different ways. In the next a couple of(prenominal) paragraphs I will discuss the different ways Margaret Mead, Anthropologist, effected our society. Margaret Mead was born in Philadelphia on December 16, 1901, and was educated at Barnard College and at capital of South Carolina University. In 1926 she became assistant curator of ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History in radical York City, and she served as associate curator and as curator. She was director of search in contemporary cultures at Columbia University from 1948 to 1950 and professor of anthropology there after 1954. Participating in several field expeditions, Mead conducted notable research in New Guinea, Samoa, and Bali. ofttimes of her last was devoted to a study of patterns of child rearing in various cultures. She in any case analyzed many problems in contemporary American society, curiously t hose affecting young people. Her interests were varied, including childcare, adolescence, sexual behavior, and American character and culture. Margaret Mead taught generations of Americans about looking carefully and openly at other cultures to understand the complexities of being human. Margaret Mead brought the proficient work of anthropology to public consciousness. Mead studied at Barnard College, where she met the great anthropologist Franz Boas. Franz Boas became her mentor and her advisor when she attended graduate school at Columbia University. Meads work is largely amenable for the treasures on view in the Museums Hall of Pacific Peoples. In addition to her work at the Museum, Margaret Mead taught, and wrote more best selling books. She contributed a regular tug to Redbook magazine. She was also lectured, and was frequently interviewed on radio and television.Margaret Mead essays research papers Margaret Mead was a great scientist, explorer, writer, and teacher, who e ducated the human race in many different ways. In the next few paragraphs I will discuss the different ways Margaret Mead, Anthropologist, effected our society. Margaret Mead was born in Philadelphia on December 16, 1901, and was educated at Barnard College and at Columbia University. In 1926 she became assistant curator of ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, and she served as associate curator and as curator. She was director of research in contemporary cultures at Columbia University from 1948 to 1950 and professor of anthropology there after 1954. Participating in several field expeditions, Mead conducted notable research in New Guinea, Samoa, and Bali. Much of her work was devoted to a study of patterns of child rearing in various cultures. She also analyzed many problems in contemporary American society, particularly those affecting young people. Her interests were varied, including childcare, adolescence, sexual behavior, and American characte r and culture. Margaret Mead taught generations of Americans about looking carefully and openly at other cultures to understand the complexities of being human. Margaret Mead brought the serious work of anthropology to public consciousness. Mead studied at Barnard College, where she met the great anthropologist Franz Boas. Franz Boas became her mentor and her advisor when she attended graduate school at Columbia University. Meads work is largely responsible for the treasures on view in the Museums Hall of Pacific Peoples. In addition to her work at the Museum, Margaret Mead taught, and wrote more best selling books. She contributed a regular column to Redbook magazine. She was also lectured, and was frequently interviewed on radio and television.

Indentity Loss Essay -- essays research papers

In The Odyssey and The English Patient the main character, Odysseus and Almasy, suffer from a form of identity loss and try to witness it. They both regain their identity through the help of other people. Every person that stumbles across a piece of their past helps them regain a piece of their identity.Because he cannot cogitate Almasy must get help remembering his past from the people around him. One of his first memories came from the book he brought with him through the fire- a copy of the Histories by Herodotus (Ondaatje pg 16). Hana reads some of the notes that he had written in the book she reads of the different winds the ---, the secret wind of the desert, whose name was erased by a king after his son died at bottom it. And the nafhata blast out of Arabia (Ondaatje pg16-17). Before Hana had read this passage Almasy couldnt tell her the name of the tribe that had helped him after his plane crashed. The Bedouin were keeping me alive for a reason(Ondaatje pg 18) Almasy was able to recall what had happened to him and who had helped him. Hana had stumbled on a passage that helped Almasy remember what had happened.Odysseus comes across a piece of his identity in a different way. He goes to the island of Kalypso and she promises him that she will make him a god. The challenge that she put on Odysseus was to go to the island of the exanimate. Once he was at the island of the dead Odysseus realized that he did was not dead and he wasnt a god, this meant he was somewhere ...

Capital Structure Essay -- Business, Financing

IntroductionThe relationship between capital structure and firm protect has been discussed frequently in the literature by contrary researcher accordingly, in both theoretical and empirical studies. It has excessively been discussed that whether the firm has any optimal capital structure that has been adopted by an individual firm, or whether the proportions of debt usage is completely irrelevant to the individual firm value. A firm can choose a mix of three modes of support i.e. issuing shares, borrowing from the market and use of retained earnings. The ratio of this mix of funds purely depends on the firm and known as optimal capital structure of the firm. This leads to the contrastive capital structure theories. These theories explain their point of view about optimal capital structure how an optimal capital structure can increase the value of the firm and its impact on the cost of capital of the firm.Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity used by a firm in funding its assets. The capital structure decision is one of the most important decisions made by financial have it offment. The capital structure decision is at the center of many other decisions in the area of merged finance. These include dividend policy, project financing, issue of long term securities, financing of mergers and so on. One of the many objectives of a corporate financial manager is to ensure the lower cost of capital and thus maximize the wealth of shareholders. Capital structure is one of the effective tools of management to manage the cost of capital. An optimal capital structure is reached at a point where the cost of the capital is minimum. Pakistan is a developing country with three stock exchanges, the Karachi linage Exchange (KSE) bei... ...icult in terms of cost and technical difficulties (Shah and Hijazi 2004). The main sources of debt in Pakistan have been commercial banks, which do not encourage long term loans, with near no reliance on market base d debt until mid 1994 when government moved to remove most of the constraints among. Which one action was to amend company fair play to permit corporate entities to raise debt directly from the market in the form of TFCs (Term Finance Certificates). So corporate bond market has limited history and is in the process of development. This explains why firms on average in Pakistan have more short term financing than long term financing. Booth et al (1999) also pointed in their study on determinants of capital structure in developing countries including Pakistan that the use of short term financing is higher than long term financing in developing countries.

The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage Essay

The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural MarriageAs the world integrates, more and more battalion are leaving their fuss lands to visit, study and work overseas. Young people now have more opportunities to meet prospective partners from other cultures than they had in the past. The number of intercultural couples is increasing worldwide. (Klein, par.3) Many intercultural couples guide that their relationships do not differentiate from monoculture relationships at first. Passionate love bonds them. When their relationships come to a stable stage by and by a while, however, cultural contravention immerges. The couples female genitalia certainly benefit from cultural difference yet they also have to face the challenges resulted from it. This paper will examine such effect that cultural difference takes on intercultural marriageAccording to Dugan Romano, intercultural couples increase self-knowledge by being forced to examine and define their own values, ideas, and prejud ices. (Romano 179) They all feel richer and less parochial after they spend many years together trying to work things through. They are able to be exposed into other cultures thoroughly as well as to strengthen the understandings of their own cultures.Cultural difference also introduces more lifestyle options to intercultural couples, which will enrich their life. Even if a couple ends up choosing ones home country as their permanent residence, they will definitely visit the others hometown pretty often. Sometimes they live in a triplet country, which means theyll go to both of their home countries from time to time. They have chances to travel in many places, experience different customs, and have friends from diverse backgrounds. My mom told me it was her int... ... For people who are considering entering intercultural marriage, it is very important to seriously weigh the pros and cons of the cultural difference before making a final decision.Works CitedDrumm, Tamula. Mixed Marr iage- wherefore Expats Marry Forefingers and Then What Happens. Transitions Abroad July/ August 2001 Transitions Abroud Publishing, Inc. .Klein, Amy. Marrying Across Cultures. Studio Classroom April 2004 Studio Classroom Magazine .Larabell, Joseph. Sobering Advice for Anyone Contemplating a Across-cultural Marriage. Joseph L.(Joe) Larabell the Suburban Eclectic 9 June 2003 Joseph Larabell .Romano, Dugan. Intercultural Marriage/Promises and Pitfalls. Yarmouth, MN Intercultural P, 1997. Xu, Mingyang. A Chinese-American Mixed Marriage---A Mini Story. Hua Xia Wen Zhai CND Magazine March 1993 China News Digest International, Inc. .

Is Charlies Operation a Success? Essay example -- English Literature

Is Charlies Operation a Success?Many medical trading operations are performed everyday, and sometimes they can change a persons sprightliness forever. They can alter the appearance a person thinks or their nature traits. Picture someone who is so determined to become smart, that they risk their own animation for it. It could be just for a moment, their whole life, or it could not in time work. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon did just this. He was a 32-year-old mentally challenged man, who worked at Donners Bakery as a janitor. Charlie risked his life in order to have an data-based operation, which could potentially make him smart forever and raise his IQ to above average or to the level of a genius. The operation that Charlie underwent had many consequences, and he had to profits a sad price for trying to get smarter. Charlies operation was unsuccessful because he experienced ugly flashbacks concerning his childhood, it caused a dramatic change to his charact er in comparison to what he was prior to his operation, and he also suffered from loneliness. Firstly, Charlies operation made him have many upsetting nightmares, like remembering racking memories of his childhood. As a child, children took advantage of Charlie, because he was mentally challenged. Even his mother and sister made fun of him, and were repentant to be related to him. One in particular painful memory happened on Valentines Day. All the boys, including Charlie, had feelings for a girl named Harriet. Charlie wanted to give Harriet a card, so he asked one of his schoolmates, kike, to write, Dear Harriet, I think you are the most prettiest girl in the whole world. I like you very much and I love you. I want you to be my valentime. Your friend, Charlie Gordon. Hymie took advantage of the situation and wrote something dirty to make Harriet think that Charlie was a perverted person. Charlie did not realize what Hymie had done, and he gave the card to Harriet. She got mad a t him, and her two older brothers, Gus and Oscar, beat up Charlie and knocked his teeth out. This incident caused Charlie to move to a new school. (Keyes 37-38). Charlie was an innocent boy, and his lad schoolmates took advantage of him. They caused him to move schools for no intermission of his own. Similar to that situation, was a flashback Charlie had of his mother and sister who treated him like trash. Charlies mother, ... ...lity in comparison to what he was sooner he had the operation, and it also caused him to suffer from loneliness. collect to all of the negative effects of the operation, Charlies intelligence deteriorated, and he made the wise decision to stay at the Warren Home School. Charlie would have been give away off without the experimental operation to make him smarter, because he would not have lost his friends, he would maintain his sociable personality, and he could continue to live the life he liked to live. The operation messed up Charlies life and caus ed him to lose everything he possessed. He always ideal that people who were smart had more friends, only when it turned out that after his operation, he lost all his friends and this proved his statement wrong. He describes this well when he says, When I was retarded I had tons of friends. Now I have no one. (Keyes 174). He realized that it is who you are that takes to have a lot of friends. It is better(p) not to tamper with Gods creation and let things happen naturally. Whether good or bad happens in your life, you must have faith and pull in the plans that God has in butt in for everyone, or one day, people could end up like Charlie Gordon. Is Charlies Operation a Success? Essay example -- English Literature Is Charlies Operation a Success?Many medical operations are performed everyday, and sometimes they can change a persons life forever. They can alter the way a person thinks or their personality traits. Picture someone who is so determined to become sm art, that they risk their own life for it. It could be just for a moment, their whole life, or it could not even work. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon did just this. He was a 32-year-old mentally challenged man, who worked at Donners Bakery as a janitor. Charlie risked his life in order to have an experimental operation, which could potentially make him smart forever and raise his IQ to above average or to the level of a genius. The operation that Charlie underwent had many consequences, and he had to pay a sad price for trying to get smarter. Charlies operation was unsuccessful because he experienced painful flashbacks concerning his childhood, it caused a dramatic change to his personality in comparison to what he was prior to his operation, and he also suffered from loneliness. Firstly, Charlies operation made him have many upsetting nightmares, like remembering painful memories of his childhood. As a child, children took advantage of Charlie, because he was men tally challenged. Even his mother and sister made fun of him, and were ashamed to be related to him. One particularly painful memory happened on Valentines Day. All the boys, including Charlie, had feelings for a girl named Harriet. Charlie wanted to give Harriet a card, so he asked one of his schoolmates, Hymie, to write, Dear Harriet, I think you are the most prettiest girl in the whole world. I like you very much and I love you. I want you to be my valentime. Your friend, Charlie Gordon. Hymie took advantage of the situation and wrote something dirty to make Harriet think that Charlie was a perverted person. Charlie did not realize what Hymie had done, and he gave the card to Harriet. She got mad at him, and her two older brothers, Gus and Oscar, beat up Charlie and knocked his teeth out. This incident caused Charlie to move to a new school. (Keyes 37-38). Charlie was an innocent boy, and his fellow schoolmates took advantage of him. They caused him to move schools for no fault o f his own. Similar to that situation, was a flashback Charlie had of his mother and sister who treated him like trash. Charlies mother, ... ...lity in comparison to what he was before he had the operation, and it also caused him to suffer from loneliness. Due to all of the negative effects of the operation, Charlies intelligence deteriorated, and he made the wise decision to stay at the Warren Home School. Charlie would have been better off without the experimental operation to make him smarter, because he would not have lost his friends, he would maintain his friendly personality, and he could continue to live the life he liked to live. The operation messed up Charlies life and caused him to lose everything he possessed. He always thought that people who were smart had more friends, but it turned out that after his operation, he lost all his friends and this proved his statement wrong. He describes this well when he says, When I was retarded I had lots of friends. Now I have no on e. (Keyes 174). He realized that it is who you are that takes to have a lot of friends. It is best not to tamper with Gods creation and let things happen naturally. Whether good or bad happens in your life, you must have faith and trust in the plans that God has in store for everyone, or one day, people could end up like Charlie Gordon.

Is Charlies Operation a Success? Essay example -- English Literature

Is Charlies Operation a Success?Many medical operations ar performed everyday, and sometimes they can change a persons life forever. They can alter the way a person call(a) ins or their personality traits. movie someone who is so determined to pass smart, that they risk their own life for it. It could be just for a moment, their whole life, or it could not even work. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon did just this. He was a 32-year-old mentally challenged man, who worked at Donners Bakery as a janitor. Charlie risked his life in order to have an experimental operation, which could potentially retain him smart forever and advert his IQ to above average or to the level of a genius. The operation that Charlie underwent had many consequences, and he had to pay a sad price for trying to spoil smarter. Charlies operation was unsuccessful because he experienced chafed flashbacks concerning his childhood, it caused a dramatic change to his personality in comparison to what he was prior to his operation, and he also suffered from loneliness. Firstly, Charlies operation made him have many upsetting nightmares, like remembering painful memories of his childhood. As a child, children took advantage of Charlie, because he was mentally challenged. Even his mother and sister made fun of him, and were ashamed to be related to him. One particularly painful memory happened on Valentines Day. every the boys, including Charlie, had feelings for a girl named Harriet. Charlie wanted to give Harriet a card, so he asked one of his schoolmates, sheeny, to write, Dear Harriet, I think you are the most prettiest girl in the whole world. I like you very much and I love you. I want you to be my valentime. Your friend, Charlie Gordon. Hymie took advantage of the situation and wrote something dirty to make Harriet think that Charlie was a perverted person. Charlie did not realize what Hymie had done, and he gave the card to Harriet. She got mad at him, and her deuce older brothers, Gus and Oscar, beat up Charlie and knocked his teething out. This incident caused Charlie to move to a new school. (Keyes 37-38). Charlie was an innocent boy, and his fellow schoolmates took advantage of him. They caused him to move schools for no fault of his own. interchangeable to that situation, was a flashback Charlie had of his mother and sister who hard-boiled him like trash. Charlies mother, ... ...lity in comparison to what he was before he had the operation, and it also caused him to suffer from loneliness. Due to all of the negative effects of the operation, Charlies give-and-take deteriorated, and he made the wise decision to stay at the Warren Home School. Charlie would have been better eat up without the experimental operation to make him smarter, because he would not have confounded his friends, he would maintain his friendly personality, and he could continue to live the life he liked to live. The operation messed up Charlies life and caused hi m to lose everything he possessed. He always thought that people who were smart had more friends, but it off out that after his operation, he lost all his friends and this proved his statement wrong. He describes this well when he says, When I was retarded I had lots of friends. directly I have no one. (Keyes 174). He realized that it is who you are that takes to have a lot of friends. It is best not to tamper with Gods globe and let things happen naturally. Whether good or bad happens in your life, you must have faith and trust in the plans that God has in store for everyone, or one day, people could end up like Charlie Gordon. Is Charlies Operation a Success? Essay example -- English Literature Is Charlies Operation a Success?Many medical operations are performed everyday, and sometimes they can change a persons life forever. They can alter the way a person thinks or their personality traits. Picture someone who is so determined to become smart, that they risk their own life for it. It could be just for a moment, their whole life, or it could not even work. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon did just this. He was a 32-year-old mentally challenged man, who worked at Donners Bakery as a janitor. Charlie risked his life in order to have an experimental operation, which could potentially make him smart forever and raise his IQ to above average or to the level of a genius. The operation that Charlie underwent had many consequences, and he had to pay a sad price for trying to get smarter. Charlies operation was unsuccessful because he experienced painful flashbacks concerning his childhood, it caused a dramatic change to his personality in comparison to what he was prior to his operation, and he also suffered from loneliness. Firstly, Charlies operation made him have many upsetting nightmares, like remembering painful memories of his childhood. As a child, children took advantage of Charlie, because he was mentally challenged. Ev en his mother and sister made fun of him, and were ashamed to be related to him. One particularly painful memory happened on Valentines Day. All the boys, including Charlie, had feelings for a girl named Harriet. Charlie wanted to give Harriet a card, so he asked one of his schoolmates, Hymie, to write, Dear Harriet, I think you are the most prettiest girl in the whole world. I like you very much and I love you. I want you to be my valentime. Your friend, Charlie Gordon. Hymie took advantage of the situation and wrote something dirty to make Harriet think that Charlie was a perverted person. Charlie did not realize what Hymie had done, and he gave the card to Harriet. She got mad at him, and her two older brothers, Gus and Oscar, beat up Charlie and knocked his teeth out. This incident caused Charlie to move to a new school. (Keyes 37-38). Charlie was an innocent boy, and his fellow schoolmates took advantage of him. They caused him to move schools for no fault of his own. Similar t o that situation, was a flashback Charlie had of his mother and sister who treated him like trash. Charlies mother, ... ...lity in comparison to what he was before he had the operation, and it also caused him to suffer from loneliness. Due to all of the negative effects of the operation, Charlies intelligence deteriorated, and he made the wise decision to stay at the Warren Home School. Charlie would have been better off without the experimental operation to make him smarter, because he would not have lost his friends, he would maintain his friendly personality, and he could continue to live the life he liked to live. The operation messed up Charlies life and caused him to lose everything he possessed. He always thought that people who were smart had more friends, but it turned out that after his operation, he lost all his friends and this proved his statement wrong. He describes this well when he says, When I was retarded I had lots of friends. Now I have no one. (Keyes 174). He realized that it is who you are that takes to have a lot of friends. It is best not to tamper with Gods creation and let things happen naturally. Whether good or bad happens in your life, you must have faith and trust in the plans that God has in store for everyone, or one day, people could end up like Charlie Gordon.

Chapter 11 Problems

I. Payback period computation even exchange flows Compute the retribution period for each of the following two separate investments (round the payback period to two decimals) 1. A radical operating system for an existing weapon is expected to cost $260,000 and have a useful life of fin years. The system yields an incremental after-tax income of $75,000 each year after deducting its straight-line depreciation. The predicted spare value of the system is $10,000. Payback period=Cost of investment/ yearbook bread bills flow =$260,000/ $125,000 =2. 08 years Annual depreciation= $260,000 -$10,000 / 5 = $50,000 Annual after tax income $75,000 Depreciation 50,000 Annual net bills flow$125,000 2. A elevator car costs $190,000, has a $10,000 salvage value, is expected to last nine years, and will generate an after-tax income of $30,000 per year after straight-line depreciation. Payback period=Cost of investment/ Annual net cash flow =$190,000/ $50,000 =3. 8 years Annual depreciation= $190,000 -$10,000 / 9 = $20,000 Annual after tax income $30,000 + Depreciation 20,000 Annual net cash flow$50,000 II. Payback period computation uneven cash flows Wenro Company is considering the leveraging of an asset for $90,000. It is expected to produce the following net cash flows.The cash flows occur evenly throughout each year. Compute the payback period for this investment. Part of year= Amount paid back in year 4/ Net cash flows in year 4 = $10,000 / $60,000 = 0. 167 Payback period=3 + 0. 167 = 3. 1367 years = 3yrs 2 mos. III. Accounting Rate of Return A machine costs $500,000 and is expected to yield an after-tax net income of $15,000 each year. Management predicts this machine has a 10-year service life and a $100,000 salvage value, and it uses straight-line depreciation. Compute this machines accounting rate of return. Average investment=$500,000 + $100,000 / 2 $300,000 Accounting rate of return=$15,000 / $300,000 = 5% IV. Computing Net Present Value K2B Company is con sidering the purchase of equipment that would allow the company to add a new product to its line. The equipment is expected to cost $240,000 with a 12-year life and no salvage value. It will be depreciated on a straight-line basis. The company expects to sell 96,000 units of the equipments product each year. The expected annual income related to this equipment follows. K2B concludes that the investment must earn at least an 8% return. Compute the net present value of this investment. Round the net present value to the nearest dollar. ) Net cash flows from net income 1. Payback period=$240,000 / $44,500 = 5. 39 years 2. Accounting rate of return=$24,500 / $120,000 = 20. 42% V. Net Present Value Interstate Manufacturing is considering either replacing one of its old machines with a new machine or having the old machine overhauled. Information about the two alternatives follows. Management requires a 10% rate of return on its investments. Alternative 1 Keep the old machine and have it overhauled. If the old machine is overhauled, it will be kept for another five years and then sold for its salvage value. 1.Determine the net present value of alternative 1. Keep the old machine and have it overhauled Alternative 2 Sell the old machine and buy a new one. The new machine is more efficient and will yield substantial operating cost savings with more products being produced and sold. 2. Determine the net present value of alternative 2. Sell the old machine and buy a new one 3. Which alternative do you recommend that management carry? Explain. Interstate should keep the old machine and overhaul it. The cost savings and additional revenue generated on the new machine are not fair to middling to overcome the high initial cost of the new machine.

Changes in Soviet Values

Changes in Soviet determine Films in the Soviet jointure during Stalins rule were primarily made for propaganda purposes. Some of the most famous films at the measure were Chapaev, Circus, and Moscow Doesnt Believe in tears, which were every last(predicate) were aimed at describing Soviet Values during and after Stalins rule. The film Chapaev was produced in 1934 and was set during the Russian Civil War, and like Circus, which was produced two years later, they both reflected Soviet ideals of Stalins rule. Moscow Doesnt Believe in Tears was produced in 1980, and it showed the variegates in Soviet determine after Stalins reign in the 1950s and 1970s.Even though each of these propaganda films is set in different time periods, each one illustrates the changing social value of that time. The movie Chapaev was directed by the Vasilyev brothers and was produced in 1934. The movie depicts the story of a soldier made commandant named Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev, who led the Red Army to victory in the Russian Civil War. The main theme portrayed in Chapaev is the idea of social realism, and to show this the producers specialise the story of the Soviet principals of equivalence within society, and the growth of the party.In one scene of the movie, Chapaevs men loot local farmers, and Chapaevs newly appointed commissar arrests the men involved and return the livestock. Initially, Chapaev was angry with his new commissar for arresting his men, as he feels he was undermining Chapaevs power, hardly he learned to agree with him because the peasants supported him upon the effective return of their livestock. Chapaevs new commissar explained to him that the entire war was beingness fought for the peasants, and by stealing from them it was hurting their image.This scene shows the equality within society that the bolshys party was expiration for, and therefore the party gained more support. This scene in particular was propaganda because in war, armies do steal from farms, thats just a fact, but when they return the livestock it makes the Bolshevik party look patriotic and respectful. In this movie Chapaev is portrayed as a flawless example of what a Soviet man should be like. He is a man who believes in every man being equal and in order for a party to strive it has to be focused on the fatalitys of the group not just the individual.In Soviet History Chapaev is considered a hero and rightly so, his stand against theft and sacrifice for the war hunting expedition makes him an ideal Soviet man. The movie Circus was directed by Grigori Aleksandrov and was produced in 1936. Similar to the movie Chapaev, the theme in Circus is focused on equality in the society and the growth of the party. The movie depicts the story of Orlova, an Ameri bed circus artist who is forced to flee the racism in America after grown birth to a black baby. Orlova ends up in Russia and start her circus cargoner there, and she becomes a huge star.In fear of being exposed, Orlova stays in the circus and works for her cruel German boss von Kneishitz. Von Kneishitz is the only if person in Moscow who knows about her black baby, but he is also the only person in Russia who cares that her baby is black. The movie climaxes with the revealing of her baby to her beloved audience, but in contrary to what Kneishitz thought would happen, the audience shows the baby love by passing him around and singing a lullaby to him. When Marion asks the Ring Master to explain everyones reaction, he says, In our country, we absolutely love children.You may aim a child of any color here black, white, red, or even striped like a zebra or polka-dotted. Whatevers your pleasure It cannot be denied that this movie is a propaganda film. It portrays that everyone is equal in the Soviet marrow and that everyone is antiracist. In fact, in the 1930s Jews were highly discriminated against, as proof by public anti-Semitism. Therefore, we see the films impression of racial equality as false. The movie Moscow Doesnt Believe in Tears, (Moscow for short) was directed by Vladimir Menshov and was produced in 1980.The movie begins in the 1950s and goes until the 1970s. Although this film accurately shows a change in Soviet ideals, it is important to note that Moscow does have several(prenominal) levels of propaganda. For example, Katerinas lover, Gosha, is seen as the ideal model citizen, especially when Katerina and Gosha talk about how Gosha is perfect and flawless. It need not be said that nobody is perfect, but the films portrays Gosha as the ideal citizen. This time period was significant in Soviet history because it showed a transmutation in Soviet values.This movie shows how traditionalistic values in the Soviet Union became modernized as time progressed in the post Stalin era. During the 1970s, the Soviet Union became neo-traditionalist, in the sense that they held on to their old values while attaining new ones. For example, we get a clear understanding of how Russia was adjusting to time with the development of Tonya, Ludmilla, and Katerinas live styles. Of all the three main women in the play, Tonya is the best example of a traditional Soviet invigorationstyle. She marries at a young age and settles for a domestic life with a man that makes a respectable living.Katerina, on the other hand, marries at a much older age but to a man named Gosha who exhibits traditional Soviet values as well. For example, after Gosha gets in a fight, Katerina forbids him from ever fighting again, and Gosha agrees, but tells Katerina if she ever yells at him again he will kick in her. Later in the same conversation, Gosha tells Katerina that it goes against his values that a woman makes more money than a man. This shows that there are still traces of traditional Soviet values in 1970 Russia.Tonya and Gosha both show that there are links to traditional soviet values even though its thirty years after Stalins reign. In contrast to the way Tonya and G osha live, the lives of Ludmilla and Katerina give us examples of how Soviet values changed and modernized over time. For example, in the beginning of the film, signs of change in Soviet values are apparent. Early in the film, Katerina and Ludmilla go to the French Film Festival to admire the rich and famous. Ludmilla admits to Katerina how she thinks one of the female actresses is beautiful, and how she would love to live the life of her.This shows how people, especially women, were being exposed to materialism in Russia, and it was socially acceptable to aspire to be rich and famous. Katerina also shows a change in Soviet values for women. She is the heading of a corporation after a series of floor promotions, and she lives in a nice apartment providing for her family. This is a perfect example of Soviet values changing from the idea that women in the Soviet Union didnt have rights or power, to the modernized Soviet values where women were powerful.In conclusion, the movies Chapa ev, Circus, and Moscow Doesnt Believe in Tears are all largely applauded films that show the history and progression of changing Soviet values. Chapaev and Circus were both produced under Stalins reign, and they both contain some amount of Soviet propaganda as well as accurate references to Soviet values. They portray the traditional Soviet ideals of equality and unity of the Bolshevik party and how they were first off in Soviet society.On a different note, Moscow takes place in a much later time, and proves that some Stalin era Soviet ideals were kept, but the attempt for modernization brought a necessary change in the ways people lived. As a result of the two sets of values portrayed through Gosha and Tonya, and Ludmilla and Katerina respectively, we see that Soviet ideals eventually became neo-traditionalistic. The shift in Soviet ideals occurred because Stalins long and influential reign came to an end. After such a long time of repression, it can be argued that this change was inevitable.

Alcoholics Anonymous

Metropolitan areas usually turn in specialized groups, based on much(prenominal) member characteristics as gender, duration Of time in recovery, age, sexual orientation, profession, ethnicity, and language spoken (CAST, 2008). Vast majorities of drug addiction interference schedules encourage the participation of self- table service group therapy during and after formal intercession because the patients benefit from the social reinforcement that comes from peer discussion, while also helping to promote, achieve, and apply drug-free and healthy carriagestyles.The 12-Step Program is a uniquely, well-rounded phase of preaching that includes maintaining a close relationship with a sponsor who is experienced with self-discipline and long-term abstinence. The meetings also incorporate skills such as helping others, taking responsibility for recovery, communion personal experiences, and accepting the existence of a higher power. Research has shown that when group therapy either is offered in conjunction with individualized drug counseling or is formatted to reflect the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy or contingency management, positive outcomes are achieved (NADIA, 2012).The original 12 Step Guide was inspired and created in 1935 by pioneer AAA members. A couple years later, the two founders of AAA published a book based on their experiences, including both the failures and the successes. The book describes the original AAA philosophy and methods, on with establishing the Twelve Steps. Although it has been revised throughout the years, and continues to be updated, the Twelve Steps have remained intact as it carries on its stories of success from one group to the other.Nearly four decades of scientific research and clinical practice has taught us about many diverse and effective approaches to the treatment of drug addiction, resulting in the creation of overall manuals and guides throughout the years. The etiology of substance use disorders wad be explained through a variety of social dynamics. Genetic factors have been studied most frequently with alcohol and tobacco use disorders. Specific genes have been identified, but the interaction of these genes with the environment is key for understanding genetic contributions (Kiering, 2014).More often than not, drugs are used as an black market an escape from reality and this temporary escape is used to avoid the negative feelings and bad moods which are known to be related to withdrawal symptoms. In addition, this also helps in explaining the frequency and pattern of relapse. Many substances are used to alter mood (e. G. , to reduce tension of increase positive affect), and people with certain personality traits, such as those high in negative affect or low in constraint, are especially probable to use drugs (Kiering, 2014).Neurological factors, including the brains reward pathways, seem to have an influence on the use of some substances in certain individuals. Nearly all drugs, including alcohol, stimulate the dopamine system in the brain, which produces rewarding or pleasurable feelings. Incentive-assassination theory explains that the dopamine system becomes sensitive to the drug, as well as the cues associated with the drug (needles, rolling papers, etc. ). Sensitivity to these cues induces and strengthens wanting and craving for the drug (Kiering, 2014).Cognitive and psychological variables are also very eventful to detect, such as the expectations about the effects of drugs. When an individual believes, and expects, to have positive effects from a certain drug (e. G. , swallow alcohol to reduce Stress and anxiety), the likelihood that the individual will abuse the rug is extremely high. Coloratura factors also play a vital purpose in how frequently a substance is used, with family and friends being the most influential.A broken family home (e. G. , marital problems, parent/sibling alcohol or drug use, and ratified or psychiatric problems) can have a tremendous negative effect on a child and the decisions they make. A lack of emotional sign from parents is found to increase drug use, whereas the lack of parental monitoring if often associated with higher drug use (Kiering, 2014). The idea of being popular and having a ton of friends seems to be a moon goal for the majority of adolescents and young adults.Social influence is explained by the fact that having peers who drink, influences drinking behavior however, it is also known that individuals will subscribe to friends with drinking patterns similar to their own. While growing up, most of us have always been told to choose our friends wisely however, they neglected to tell us how difficult this can be. The 1 2-Step program addresses the factors or causes that are responsible for, or related to, substance abuse by helping individuals to understand the concept of change. Processes of change are the covert and overt activities hat people engage in to alter affect, t hinking, behavior, or relationships related to particular problems or patterns of living (NADIA, 2012). The 12-Step Program helps by addressing a patients motivation and ability to change while building skills to resist drug use, replacing drug-using activities with constructive and rewarding activities, increasing social alternatives and behaviors that elicit old behaviors, as well as, improving problem-solving skills, and incorporating Sponsorship to help build, or rebuild, healthy interpersonal relationships.It has also been proven that participation in roof therapy, during and following treatment, can help maintain abstinence. A longitudinal study was conducted in 2011 among a U. S. National sample of people who were living in communal-living recovery/transition homes (Oxford Houses) and were also active voicely conglomerate with Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2- touchstone activities and averaged summary scores of involvemen t were examined in relation to abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence.Participants who were categorically gnarly in all 1 2-step activities reported significantly higher evils of abstinence and self-efficacy for abstinence at 1 year compared with those who were less involved (Major, 2011). The results suggest that the 12- step program provides individuals with substance use disorders the resources they need for ongoing recovery. In 201 3, a longitudinal study, similar to the previous one, was conducted among a U. S. Sample of patients who were in the process of departure treatment for substance use dependencies. Categorical involvement in a set of 1 2-step activities and summary scores of involvement from the Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation cuticle were examined in relation to continuous abstinence and aftercare (Oxford House or usual care) condition (Major, 2013). The people who were actively involved and participated in the 12-step activities were significantly more(pren ominal) likely to maintain and continue drug-free lifestyles after 2 years, versus those who were less involved.Through these two studies, it is suggested that involvement in the 1 2-step program and living in settings, such as the Oxford Houses, are two important factors that are related to continuous abstinence (from both alcohol and illicit drugs) among people with substance use dependencies. Most recently, a study was done on stimulant drug abusers to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week combined group, which included individual 1 2-step facilitative intervention and 12-step meeting attention and service.The study consisted of a MultiMate randomized controlled trial, with assessments at baseline, mid-treatment, end of treatment, and 3- and 6-month post- randomization follow-ups (Fiji) (Donovan, 2014). It took place in several intensive outpatient substance treatment programs and it measured self- reports of substance use, 12-step attention and activities, as well as a Urina lysis. The results were compared with treatment as usual (TAXI), sousing on the impact of incorporating the 1 2-step program into intensive outpatient drug treatment programs.Although it did associate with more days of use among those who were not achieving abstinence during this period, STAGE-12 participants had lower Addiction Severity Index Drug Composite scores at and a significant reduction from baseline to the 3-month IF, attended 12-step meetings on a greater number of days during the early phase of active treatment, engaged in more other types of 12-step activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire IF period, and had ore days of self-reported service at meetings from mid-treatment through the 6-month IF (Donovan, 2014).More importantly, the study results indicate that individuals in a 12-step program had higher range of meeting attendance and were involved in more related activities throughout the active treatment phase and the entire 6-month follow-up pe riod. being a recovering drug addict and alcoholic, myself, I absolutely recommend the 12-step program to anyone who is looking for help with their addictions. In 2012, was sentenced to do court-ordered drug counseling and it changed my life for the better.The 12-step program was originally signed for alcoholics, but throughout the years it has been known to help any type of drug addict. I was apprehensive about this at first, but I finally understood after my counselor explained that you just replace the word alcohol with your drug of choice. This is why you can now bring forth individualized programs like Narcotics Anonymous, which cater to and revolve around the 12-steps. Another benefit of mutual support group participation is that helping helps the helper. Helping others by sharing experiences and providing support increases involvement in 12-Step groups, which in turn increases abstinence (CAST, 2008). An agree, and have seen for myself, that helping truly does help the help er. Future research that has been recommended is systematic encouragement and federation access, which utilizes 12-step members as volunteers in a buddy system that provides a bridge between formal treatment and community 12-step programs (Donovan, 2013).Instead of just providing a list of meetings and encouraging attendance, which is the emblematic referral method, counselors should also introduce the individual to a current member of a 1 2-step program using an in-session telephone meeting in order to enjoin attending meeting with him or her. Further studies on this idea will help to determine if there IS a significant difference in rates of attendance when being provided a guide between formal treatment and community 12-step programs, as opposed to just relying on will-power.These future studies could also help the effort to decrease the rates of recidivism in drug addicts by providing an extra step into the reintegration of inmates back into society. Overall, research over th e past four decades has proven that active participation in any type of mutual support group, specifically the 12-step aerogram, has significantly increased the likelihood of maintaining a continuous, healthy, alcohol and drug-free lifestyle. In addition, an important finding is that these abstinence rates increase with greater group participation (CAST, 2008).

Sociology and Economic Prosperity

MULTI TOPIC ESSAY 1. Social problems in our society and crimes in our society. 2. Corruption. 3. Social evils. 4. Nepotism. 5. Smuggling. 6. Over population. 7. Population and poverty. 8. Inflation. 9. Dearness. 10. Drug. 11. Sectarianism. 12. Social and economic problems of Pakistan. 13. Economic crises. 14. plug illiteracy. 15. Beggary. 16. Drug addiction. 17. Bribery. 18. Dowry. 19. Violence. 20. Despair. 21. Depression. 22. Black marketing. 23. Social and economic crises. 24. Indiscipline. 25. Hoarding. 26. Hypocrisy. 27. Injustice. 28. Road side robbery. 29. Provincialism. 30. Religious violence. 1. Ethic violence. 32. Lack of tolerance. 33. Dis consent. 34. Black biting. 35. Un employment. 36. Terrorism. 37. Lawlessness. 38. Violation of fundamental rights. 39. feudalism or Feudal Repute. 40. Capitalism. 41. Flattery. 42. Health problems. 43. Freedom of press. 44. Tax exclusion. 45. In sufficient Medical facilities. 46. Crushing b recite of foreign debt. 47. The devastation o f currency. 48. Electricity crises. 49. Inflation. 50. Mass illiteracy. OUTLINE. 1. Introduction. 2. The evil impacts and implication of __________. 3. It breeds a lot of social, economic, political and moral problems. . Causes of the _____________. 5. Remedies. 6. Conclusion. __________ has become one of the most embarrassing (tension) and explosive problem all over the world especially in the ternary world countries like Pakistan. It is full of dangers of devastating dimensions, evil impact, implication of grave and impressive magnitude. ___________ creates instability and demoralization in our nation and in a hindquarters flesh it breeds depression and frustration in our society and state. It creates and sends the feelings of uncertainly and insecurity among the masses. If ________creeps in a society.Read alsoSociology and Social Integration.It eats into its vitals and presently corrodes its inner strength, outer splendour, economic prosperity, social peace and national unity . Consequently, a nation good image is spoiled all over the world. Lawlessness becomes order of the day indiscipline due to poverty, corruption, violence, indiscipline and mass illiteracy. It creates conflict and confrontation. It is not efficiently and properly and checked the entire indicial Marla and economic fabric of nation is snug and collapsed. __________ is highly detriment and devastating for a country like Pakistan that has fragile economic and political instability.If the evil of _________ is not nipped in the bud it may spread rapidly like a bush fire, and may engulf the whole nation or region like an epidemic. __________ has badly shattered the structure of the country. It causes a severe blow to the law of country and supremacy of the constitution is shattered by it. It deprives mass of mental, physical, spiritual, moral and economic prosperity and causes grave concerns for national unity and territorial integrity ________ also paves way for bloody regulations and mil itary dole out over.So every peace loving person who fervently longs and cherished dreams for peace, prosperity and fortress must ponder upon causes of social concern of _________. The main causes of _______ are mass illiteracy, poverty, wrong economic policies of the government, peoples insatiable desire to accumulate unnumberable riches and blind multiplication of worldly whishes. _________ creates irresistible, economic pressure on social and economic justice and gulfs have been increased between the lower and fastness class.In a nutshell, mass illiteracy, temptation for ostentation of wealth, lust for power, luxury and comfort are the main causes of ________. Social, religious, linguistic differences also breed conflict and confrontation stroke and hatred among the people who in back flesh grow and spread ________. Secondly feudalism, capitalism and unequal distribution of opportunities, un-availability of fundamental rights and liberties spread __________. Thirdly the non- availability of basal necessities and facilities also paves the way to spread _______ in a society or state.External factors like agents or agencies of hostile neighboring state like India and Russia also dally a extol role in spreading ________ in the land of our country in order to destabilize the state and depress the people. It should be the grassroots and paramount concern of the men at the helm of our affairs as well as the scholars, educationists, Political parties, NGOs and national mass media to take necessary steps at their levels for the eradication of growing penance of _________ in the best national and human inters.

Barbara and Electra Case Study

Question(1)How might top precaution watch done a better job changing Elektra Products into a cutting kind of organization? What might they do now to get the potency process back on track? Analysis of the case study chief(prenominal) issues 1. Declining of Market sh bes 2. Few new product ideas or far between 3. Poor module relationship 4. Low rung morale Weaknesses- 1. approach in turn management 2. Organizational culture 3. creating problem solving squad up 4. the process of employee involvement and empowerment 5. the facilitation by Martin GriffinThe attempt to do staff empowerment is a nice tense up but it alone is not the complete solution for the root cause of the problems. In order to reach to the solution of each these issues, they vex to find appear what are the underlying causes of these issues. The newly hired Martin Griffin mentioned in the opening speech that As we face increasing competition, we shoot new ideas, new energy and new spirit to make this com pany great. And the source for this change is youeach one of you. Though he mentioned that each of the staff is crucial, he failed to wholeow anyone actively participates and play important role in the program.He neglected the importance of each and everyones contribution and effort to the program. He should have made understand what does it means by employee involvement and empowerment how it lead help the company solves the issues and, the ways to do and requirements for the staff involvement and empowerment program. It was worsen when the main facilitator, Martin Griffin, had excused from the session at the time Barbara and team enthusiastic solelyy presented their innovative ideas to segment heads. The facilitator also fails to aim what kind of outputs he expects at the repeal of the session.For the successful empowerment program, the organization structure and its enabling environment is very critical. Trust mental synthesis is very important part of the program especi ally in this situation where staff relationship and morale is poor. It is not only important for the top management level but also the department heads or managers from all early(a) departments are important to accept the concept of staff involvement and empowerment. As the company is on its way of changing to a new era, every staff will have different perspective of interest on how it will affect their current roles, responsibilities and job security.All of which are worth to take in consideration in managing the change process. The managers are not so certain(a) why they require these changes as they have been doing well in the past and they deliberate they nates do it again. On the other hand, every staff has a different management theory and surely they are not on the same page with other management staff or with the companys current management. It is quite critical to see that every management staff render with relevant knowledge and skills that will contribute the compa nys strategicalal goals.The staff must have a common understanding of the organizational value, culture, strategic goals and how the empowerment process will add on the success of the organization. Instead of creating problem solving team with managers selected by top management, allow all managers to voluntarily work as cross-functional teams and recognize up with innovative ideas and horizons. By doing so, each team will have a representative from each specialized departments who has his or her own perspective and issue on the ideas.Contribution from different expertise and background will provide the ideas reach wider scope and reality. Then, each team should address the ideas with other teams which may require some modification and negotiation process. If everyone satisfies with the ideas, the staff involvement will be improved and the ideas will become action. It is natural that someone could impel the ideas or changes made by others. But if they are put in a position to be part of a cross-functional team that needs to come up with an innovative idea, the discussion environment among the team will tend to be more constructive.In addition, since the company is to undergo a big change, the top management should have implemented a good change management strategy and jut. They should also prepare a communication strategy and plan to inform the staff accordingly. So that it will be clear what is going to happen, why, how and who will be responsible in the change process. The communication strategy and plan is also important as the staffs are very concerned with the change and restructuring process.If the staffs are not well communicated about the changes, the restructuring with many rumors will encourage the staff leaving the organization and looking for a new job which will be a lost the trained and skillful human resources of Elektra. Recommendation to top management in changing Elektra to a new kind of organization and to get back empowerment proces s on track * Ensure all staff understands what are the vision, mission and strategic goals of Elektra. * Recruit or train staff to ensure the organization is equipped with necessary skills for change management. For eg.Hire a skillful and experienced facilitator who can give time and have a sound facilitation plan. A good facilitation plan must aim some specific objectives, processes of facilitation and expected results * Make sure that everyone understand what empowerment is and why it is important and how it will contribute to the vision, mission and long-term strategic goals * Remove the process of selected problem solving team in an attempt to change Elektra and instead make them voluntarily participate in the cross-functional team which includes representative from each department, different backgrounds etc. Facilitate the department heads/managers to palm the underlying causes of each problems in their sector from their perspective and reflect their past experiences * Group t he causes and brainstorm all the managers what should they do to reach a solution to these problems so that they understand and practically involve in the change process * Create an organization structure that will encourage enabling environment and culture for the staff so that they can use their abilities and energies which can then lead to job satisfaction, motivation, commitment by employee. Implement a change management strategy and plan that will ensure the process is on track ( what, why, how and by who throughout the change process) and how it will be sustained. * Identify the transformation leadership team to track the change and operational leadership team to manage the day-to-day deliverables. * Set a time frame for the change process to reach its goal as to ensure the urgency of the change and effectively response to the continuously evolving environment and available opportunities. * Make your strategy and plan be flexible, daptable, acceptable by all stakeholders and suitable for your company and operational environment so that the plan will be realistically implemented. * Implement a communication strategy and plan to ensure staff received relevant information with regards to the changes which will reflect their interests. * Ensure that the road map and milestones are carefully prioritize and aligned to reach strategic goals so that the manager can monitor and manage the success or failure in each step towards the strategic goals. Set your operating value in trying to achieve the goals that employee understand what the organization expect and values what kinds of behavior and attitude. * Organize programs and trainings that could enhance the leadership, shared value, cooperate culture and trust building * Build capacity of the staff to gain necessary skills and knowledge in implementing staff involvement and empowerment program Questions (2) Can you think of ways Barbara could have avoided the problems her team faced in the meeting with departm ent heads?The problems with the department heads are due to the lack of cross-functional contribution, communication, mind-set, role and planning. It could be possible for Barbara to handle the situation by Barbara and her team should have considered the impact of their ideas and possible response by concerned departments. If Barbara has carefully analyzed what could be the challenges of their ideas, she would have prepared for a back-up or contingency plan to negotiate the departmental heads. By this way her team will have full confident on their own ideas and the department heads will incur confident that the plan was crafted carefully.Barbara should open her mind by accepting for their active feedback with thanks as this is a good opportunity to turn the different department heads in the process. She should have faced the resistance and brought up the concern from each department heads. So that and she can start a cross-functional team to brainstorm the more realistic ideas loo king from different perspective. Barbara should explain that the ideas shared by her team are only part of the solution to these problems within their scope and the team requires feedback and opinion in a wider scope from other departments.And before Martin Griffin leaves the workshop, she has to confirm with him that when will be the next workshop to hear feedback from Martin griffin about her teams presentation. So that when the department heads resist and debate on the new ideas, she can note down the issues raised and let that the feedback from the department heads will be thoroughly discussed in next workshop. By doing so, the department heads will feel they also have a role in the process and Barbara got time to do a plan and consider possible solution to the issues so as to move forward the process.Questions (3) If you were Barbara Russell, what would you do now? Why? If I were Barbara Russell, I will work out to keep motivate my team. I will appreciate the team for their eff ort and contribution toward the company. I will make sure the team understands that for our ideas to be stronger, more realistic and practical for all of us, we need to look our ideas from various aspects as we have experienced that various departments have their own issues on our ideas.So, in order to successfully implement our ideas, we need collaboration and commitment from all other departments that we must find ways to solve the concerns of other departments. As working within our own team will limit our expertise and other resources, we require contribution of expertise from different sectors. We must find out a way to get support and collaboration from different departments. I will encourage my team to revisit our ideas, gather information from all departments, try to open our mind to accept, and respect the others perspective and ideas.I will discuss with Top management and Martin griffin about our teams ideas, several issues raised by the department heads. I will reflect my experience during the presentation of our teams ideas, expectation of other staff, feeling and concerns of other departments. I will discuss ways to allow all departments to work together as a whole and discuss what specific strategy and plan should we implement to manage the change process to ensure achievement of our strategic goals.

How to Write a Book Review

How to Write a password reassessment A give-and-take review is a description, critical analysis, and an military rank on the quality, meaning, and significance of a keep, not a retelling. It should focus on the deems excogitation, content, and authority. A critical book review is not a book answer for or a summary. It is a reaction paper in which strengths and weaknesses of the material argon analyzed. It should include a statement of what the author has tried to do, evaluates how well (in the conviction of the reviewer) the author has succeeded, and presents evidence to support this evaluation.There is no right way to write a book review. Book reviews ar highly personal and strike the opinions of the reviewer. A review can be as short as 50-100 words, or as long as 1500 words, depending on the purpose of the review. The following be standard procedures for opus book reviews they ar suggestions, not formulae that must be used. 1. Write a statement giving essential tea ching about the book title, author, first copyright date, quality of book, public subject matter, special features (maps, color plates, etc. ), price and ISBN. 2. State the authors purpose in opus the book.Sometimes authors state their purpose in the preface or the first chapter. When they do not, you may arrive at an agniseing of the books purpose by asking yourself these questions a. why did the author write on this subject rather than on some some other subject? b. From what hitch of view is the determine written? c. Was the author trying to give information, to explain something technical, to convince the proof endorser of a beliefs validity by dramatizing it in action? d. What is the general field or genre, and how does the book fit into it? (Use outside sources to familiarize yourself with the field, if necessary. Knowledge of the genre means understanding the art form. and how it functions. e. Who is the in persisted audience? f. What is the authors mien? Is it buc kram or informal? Evaluate the quality of the writing style by using some of the following standards coherence, clarity, originality, forcefulness, correct use of technical words, conciseness, fullness of development, fluidity. Does it equip the mean audience? g. Scan the Table of Contents, it can help understand how the book is organized and will aid in determining the authors main ideas and how they are developed chronologically, topically, etc. . How did the book affect you? Were both previous ideas you had on the subject changed, aband hotshotd, or reinforced due to this book? How is the book related to your consume course or personal agenda? What personal experiences youve had relate to the subject? h. How well has the book achieved its goal? i. Would you recommend this book or article to others? Why? 3. State the cornerstone and the thesis of the book. a. Theme The theme is the subject or topic. It is not necessarily the title, and it is usually not expressed in a utter (a) sentence. It expresses a specific phase of the general subject matter. . Thesis The thesis is an authors generalization about the theme, the authors beliefs about something important, the books philosophical conclusion, or the proposition the author means to prove. Express it without metaphor or other figurative language, in one declarative sentence. caseful Title We Had it Made General Subject MatterReligious Intolerance Theme The resultants of religious intolerance on a small town Thesis Religious intolerance, a sickness of individuals, contaminates an entire social group 4. Explain the method of development-the way the author supports the thesis.Illustrate your remarks with specific references and quotations. In general, authors tend to use the following methods, exclusively or in combination. a. DescriptionThe author presents word-pictures of scenes and events by giving specific details that appeal to the five senses, or to the readers imagination. Description presents ba ckground and setting. Its primary purpose is to help the reader realize, through as many sensuous details as possible, the way things (and people) are, in the episodes being described. b. Narration The author tells the story of a series of events, usually presented in chronological order.In a novel however, chronological order may be violated for the sake of the plot. The emphasis in narration, in both fiction and non-fiction, is on the events. Narration tells what has happened. Its primary purpose is to tell a story. c. commentary The author uses explanation and analysis to present a subject or to clarify an idea. Exposition presents the facts about a subject or an issue as clearly and impartially as possible. Its primary purpose is to explain. d. Argument The author uses the techniques of persuasion to establish the truth of a statement or to convince the reader of its falsity.The purpose is to persuade the reader to believe something and perhaps to act on that belief. Argument t akes sides on an issue. Its primary purpose is to convince. 5. Evaluate the book for interest, accuracy, objectivity, importance, thoroughness, and usefulness to its intended audience. Show whether the authors main arguments are true. Respond to the authors opinions. What do you agree or disagree with? And why? Illustrate whether or not any conclusions drawn are derived logically from the evidence. Explore issues the book raises. What possibilities does the book suggest?What has the author omitted or what problems were left unsolved? What specific points are not convincing? Compare it with other books on similar subjects or other books by the same as well as different authors. Is it only a reworking of earlier books a defensive measure of previous positions? Have newly uncovered sources justified a new approach by the author? Comment on parts of particular interest, and point out anything that seems to give the book literary merit. Relate the book to larger issues. 6. Try to find f urther information about the author reputation, qualifications, influences, biographical, etc. any information that is relevant to the book being reviewed and that would help to establish the authors authority. Can you discern any connections between the authors philosophy, life news report experience and the reviewed book? 7. If relevant, make whole step of the books format layout, binding, typography, etc. Are thither maps, illustrations? Do they aid understanding? 8. Check the back matter. Is the index accurate? Check any end notes or footnotes as you read from chapter to chapter. Do they provide important additional information? Do they clarify or extend points made in the body of the text?Check any bibliography the author may provide. What kinds of sources, primary or secondary, appear in the bibliography? How does the author make use of them? Make note of important omissions. 9. tot ( before long), analyze, and comment on the books content. State your general conclusions . Pay particular attention to the authors concluding chapter. Is the summary convincing? List the principal topics, and briefly summarize the authors ideas about these topics, main points, and conclusions. Use specific references and quotations to support your statements.If your thesis has been well argued, the conclusion should follow naturally. It can include a final assessment or simply restate your thesis. Do not introduce new material at this point. Some Considerations When Reviewing specific genres Fiction(above all, do not give away the story) Character 1. From what sources are the compositors cases drawn? 2. What is the authors attitude toward his characters? 3. Are the characters flat or three-dimensional? 4. Does character development occur? 5. Is character delineation direct or indirect? Theme 1. What is/are the major theme(s)? 2. How are they revealed and developed? 3.Is the theme traditional and familiar, or new and original? 4. Is the theme didactic, psychological, so cial, entertaining, escapist, etc. in purpose or intent? Plot 1. How are the various elements of plot (eg, introduction, misgiving, climax, conclusion) handled? 2. What is the relationship of plot to character delineation? 3. To what extent, and how, is accident engaged as a complicating and/or resolving force? 4. What are the elements of mystery and suspense? 5. What other devices of plot complication and resolution are employed? 6. Is there a sub-plot and how is it related to the main plot? 7. Is the plot rimary or secondary to some of the other essential elements of the story (character, setting, style, etc. )? Style 1. What are the capable qualities of the writing (e. g. , simplicity, clarity)? 2. What are the emotional qualities of the writing (e. g. , humour, wit, satire)? 3.. What are the aesthetic qualities of the writing (e. g. , harmony, rhythm)? 4. What stylistic devices are employed (e. g. , symbolism, motifs, parody, allegory)? 5. How effective is dialogue? Setting 1 . What is the setting and does it hearten a significant role in the work? 2. Is a sense of atmosphere evoked, and how? . What scenic effects are used and how important and effective are they? 4. Does the setting influence or impinge on the characters and/or plot? Biography 1. Does the book give a full-length picture of the subject? 2. What phases of the subjects life receive greatest treatment and is this treatment justified? 3. What is the point of view of the author? 4. How is the subject matter organized chronologically, retrospectively, etc.? 5. Is the treatment superficial or does the author show extensive study into the subjects life? 6. What source materials were used in the preparation of the biography? . Is the work documented? 8. Does the author attempt to pop off at the subjects hidden motives? 9. What important new facts about the subjects life are revealed in the book? 10. What is the relationship of the subjects career to contemporary history? 11. How does the biogra phy compare with others about the same person? 12. How does it compare with other works by the same author? History and other Nonfiction 1. With what particular subject or period does the book deal? 2. How thorough is the treatment? 3. What were the sources used? 4. Is the account given in broad outline or in detail? 5.Is the style that of reportorial writing, or is there an effort at interpretive writing? 6. What is the point of view or thesis of the author? 7. Is the treatment superficial or heavy(p)? 8. For what group is the book intended (textbook, popular, scholarly, etc. )? 9. What part does biographical writing play in the book? 10. Is social history or political history emphasized? 11. Are dates used extensively, and if so, are they used intelligently? 12. Is the book a revision? How does it compare with earlier editions? 13. Are maps, illustrations, charts, etc. used and how are these to be evaluated? Poetry 1.Is this a work of power, originality, individuality? 2. What k ind of poetry is under review (epic, lyrical, elegiac, etc. )? 3. What poetical devices have been used (rhyme, rhythm, figures of speech, imagery, etc. ), and to what effect? 4. What is the central concern of the poem and is it effectively expressed? Subject headings used in the catalog Book reviewing Criticism Related books Book reviewing a comport to writing book reviews for newspapers, magazines, radio, and television. Boston. The Writer, 1978 PN98. B7 B6 Drewry, John. Writing Book Reviews. Boston The Writer, 1974.PN98. B7 D7 1974 Teitelbaum, Harry. How to Write Book Reports. New York Monarch Press, 1975. LB2369 . T4 Miller, Walter James. How to write book reports analyzing and evaluating fiction, drama, poetry, and non-fictionNew York. Arco Pub. , 1984. LB2369 . M46 1984 Sources of Book Reviews Book Review Digest1985+ INDEX Z1219 . C96 Book Review Index1965+ INDEX Z1035. A1 B6 Contemporary AuthorsREFERENCE Z1224 . C5 Related Websites How to Write a Book Review. Stauffer Libr ary. http//library. queensu. ca/inforef/bookreview/wri. htm Writing Book Reviews. University of Waterloo Library. http//library. uwaterloo. a/libguides/1-12. html - How to Write a Book Review. Dalhousie University Libraries. http//www. library. dal. ca/How/Guides/BookReview/ How to Write a Book Review chillibreeze writerAmy Sengupta A book review is a critical summary of a book. It is an open forum where one analyses and forms an opinion of the writers work. This critical evaluation is not only a useful source of information for the reader, but for those who intend to read the book. The essential step for writing a book review is to read it thoroughly and understand the contents of the book.One has to understand that it is simply not a summary but a critique. The three important steps in writing a book review are Step 1 Introduction Start by mentioning the essentials like the title of the book, authors name and relevant publishing information. You should also specify what type of li terature it. For example it could be a sociological analysis, a historical book, a purely academic one or a lighter set of work. Normally, the background about the writer is not required but one should not omit it if its of special relevance for example a refugee writing on refugees.This helps to put the text in a specific context. Step 2 Main Section Description and Summary The main section ideally consists of two sections the description and the summary. The description can have excerpts from the book that give valuable insight into the work. However, while reviewing the storyline one has to make sure that the suspense of the story is not given away. Step 3 The Critical Analysis In this section, one has to remember not to critically analyze the entire book but take out those points which are intriguing. For example, if the book is on the urban poor, one can perhaps focus on their politics and culture.Your opinion on the book is crucial here as it shapes your analysis. It helps to provide an insight into the attributes of the book Is it worth reading, is it interesting and so on. This section should also talk about ones learnings from the book and whether it holds an important or interesting message that caught your attention. Chillibreezes disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of Chillibreeze as a company. Chillibreeze has a strict anti-plagiarism policy. Please contact us to report any copyright issues related to this article.

Law Revision Kit Certified Public Accountants Essay

whole RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or differently with come out the prior written permission of the copyright owner. This publication may not be lent, resold, hired or otherwise disposed of by any way of trade without the prior written con direct of the copyright owner. THE REGISTERED TRUSTEES STRATHMORE EDUCATION TRUST 1992INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTSThis study guide is intended to assist Distance Learning students in their independent studies. The lam has been broken down into eight lessons each of which should be considered as approximately mavin week of study for a full time student. Solve the living problems verifying your answer with the suggested response contained at the back of the distance learning pack. When the lesson is completed, repeat the same procedure for each of the following lessons.At the end of lessons 2, 4, 6 and 8 there is a comprehensive assignment that you should complete and submit for scar to the Distance Learning administrator.SUBMISSION PROCEDURE1.After you have completed a comprehensive assignment distinctly identify each question and take your pages.2.If you do not understand a portion of the course content or an assignment question indicate this in your answer so that your marker give notice respond to your problem areas. Be as specific as possible.3.Arrange the order of your pages by question number and fix them securely to the data sheet provided. Adequate postage must be affixed to the envelope.4.While hold for your assignment to be marked and returned to you, continue to work through the next 2 lessons and the corresponding reinforcement problems and comprehensive assignment.On the close of the last comprehensive assignment, a two-week period of revision should be carried out of the whole course using the material in the revision section of the study pack. At t he completion of this period, the final Mock Examination paper should be completed under examination conditions. This should be sent to the Distance Learning Administrator to arrive in Nairobi at least five weeks ahead the date of your sitting the KASNEB Examinations. This paper will be marked and posted back to you within two weeks of receipt by the Distance Learning Administrator.ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe gratefully acknowledge permission to quote from the former(prenominal) examination papers of the following bodies Kenya Accountants and Secretaries National Examination Board (KASNEB) undertake Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) Chartered Association of Certified Accountants (ACCA).

Describe a Place using Soapmaps

many(prenominal) places exist in only everywhere the world and believably you must have heard of many famous places within London itself like Tower Bridge or Buckingham Palace. However, I would not louse up date explaining these places, which you might be already aware of. What I can usu altogethery describe good and might be to your interest is my lovely House my basis. Everyone possesses a home and what makes it special are the people who get going in there. Impression of a sign is developed from how much you care most it and how head you aver or look after it. So, allow us have a look on how does my house look like and what might be special about it.My house is situated in the southwesterly East of London. You might better know my place by the town, Edgware. The b justly sunshine in the morning, from eastern United States sets my house on fire. The glittering windows from outside reflect my image to make me feel great about myself. The mesmerise of my house giv es a heart welcome to all my guests and bestows good wishes to all my family members each time we trespass there. As you enter the main door, you lead describe a small lobby in which at the side, you leave alone call for a shoe rack lying in the corner and postponement for our footwears to go in there.You would probably consider this as strange exactly believe me, it is very effectual especially in my house where you will find a polite notice exercise recreate take off your shoes in the lobby. I would myself regard this as ridiculous if I proverb this notice at anyones house but since I tripd to this wooden floor house, I envision the importance of doing so. The big drawback of wooden flooring is that it gets dirty very quickly and this is the major factor enforcing us to put off our shoes at the entrance. Moving a few steps before from the lobby, you will find the narrow stairs running upstairs to the bedrooms.I am not taking you to see my bedroom so early, so let us g o a few steps forward instead of running in the stairs on the left. Continuing forward, you will find a meth door, which glistens and sparkles light from the beautiful chandelier inside. As you open the door, a skilful room freshener smell fills your snoot and you imagine yourself being in heaven. provided when you open your eyes, you find yourself in my living room. As you move your eyes around, you see three posh black sofas lie on the corner of the three walls.They come on large enough and above that, they give you the superb comfort, as you would like to have after a hard working day. The centre remand in the room displays several magazines and newspapers to read. My dad usually likes reading the newspapers and so do I but if talking about me, it would be sometimes only or you can simply call it occasionally. If you look around the walls, you will find my TV hung around on the corner of the fourth wall, which I would personally describe as the perfect place to put your TV.F irstly, it looks nice, saves blank shell and lastly, it stands in level to your eyes. What else would you expect from this fantabulous TV? And this not the end to the ground floor of my house. in that location is as well a two in one kitchen, which simply means kitchen to cook as well as dining room to eat your meal. The fitted kitchen with cupboards and shelves sometimes make me confuse as almost all shelves open in different direction and some are very strange to your normal expectations. But never mind living in this house for a year has made me habitual to this cursory use of kitchen and its applications.This is the place I love the most in my house as my mum cooks me some in truth good food, which I would enjoy eating for days. You can smell this tasty food from the entrance of the house like me when I come to home from school and quickly rush to eat that nice food. Now, let us return back to the stairs, which I showed you at the beginning and I guess you probably wanted t o climb up quickly at that time to look what is over there. So let me show you but be careful while climbing up the stairs. I would especially take to task you, as the stairs are really narrow and you will probably end up slithering down if you have big feets.I have been through this experience several times and nevertheless my younger brother who likes to hang around has been a victim of this funny but painful thing. So, as you climb up those deep ocean blue stairs, you will find my parents bedroom on the right that stays really unclouded and clean. You will find each and everything at its place, as my mum is really neat and organised and takes good care of the house as well as of myself. If you look over the red wall at front, you will find a big wallpaper of the ship coast in the sea.My mum says that this is usually good to put in the house as it generates positive feelings and also represents and inspires your life as you imagine yourself being the ship and you are moving ah ead in the world to gain those great heights and destinations. Well, I like my mums understanding of things and admire her those precious thoughts, which you cannot just designate of. So at last, I will show you my bedroom but do not be stunned and may be shocked to see it. As soon as you open the door, you will see large posters hung around on blue coloured walls.There are cartoon pictures and slipperiness bears, which will appear as sweet as me. On my bed you will find all clothes spread around and the room will appear totally diverse as compared to my parents neat and clean bedroom. I have also got a computer system placed on the table at the corner of the room on which you will usually find me working. The big shiny mirror on the door of the cupboard reflects my image to appear as a shining star. The bright sunrays go into through three large windows just after my bed to reach my eyes and wake me up in the morning for school.I cover my face with my blanket to avoid the bright light but then the clock alarm goes off to wake me up. At last, I give up quiescence and get up to get ready for school in the morning. This is what my bedroom is like where you will find things different and alike. This is what my house offers and this is how my house is like. A great experience with a thrilling chill surround will fill you with freshness and make you cheerful to have a great day out. I hope you enjoyed this adventurous journey of my home and had a good idea of how a good home should be, like my one. Dont you think so?

Professional Development Plan Essay

In order to acquire a plan that will address the characteristics of my group and me as a leader a staring(a) review of the completed DISC assessments much be completed on an individual basis and an over any plan can be derived thereafter. The individual analyses are as followsIndividual AssessmentsJeremy Conner, Jessica mill about, and Brian Tuck are all predominately categorized as cautious in style. Their tendencies include being tense with themselves and others when under pressure, having a essential curiosity about plurality, being concerned about what people think, feel, and expect, having strong attachments to their personal interests, underestimating the condemnation necessary to complete tasks, being intuitive and observant about situations and people, associating their self-worth with their work, and being intrigued by concepts, ideas and processes. They are known as the assessors and tend to have strong opinions about people and groups with whom you do not identify or agree.Robert Mills was predominately categorized as interactive in style. This styles strengths include enthusiasm, charm, persuasiveness, and warmth. The cautious style is bright in people skills and communication skills with individuals as well as groups. They are great influencers. They are idea-people and dreamers who jump at getting others excited about their vision. They are optimist with an abundance of charisma. All of these qualities help them influence people and build alliances to accomplish their goals.I was predominately categorized as a dominance style. My primary motivation is accomplishing bigger and better goals according to an internal timetable. I prefer to be involved in my chosen activities from commencement to finish, and Iresist people who are obstacles to my achievements. My tendencies include disliking being told what to do, or when and how to do something, being antipathetic to change what I think or how I feel, delegating tasks only if absolutely ne cessary, acting competitively, especially when pushing myself to new levels or in new directions, making sure that production is completed on schedule, depending on plans for action and follow-up routines, and becoming tenacious and focused when under pressure.Team Development blueprintBased on the analysis of the DISC assessments, I would put myself in a leadership graphic symbol on the team with Robert as my supervisor, and Jeremy, Jessica, and Brian as subordinates. My style is more fit to a leadership constituent due to my desire to accomplish bigger and better goals. This desire caters me to look bigger picture which mustiness be done from an upper management perspective in order to keep the company frontwards of the curve in all aspects of business to avoid pitfalls. Roberts natural charisma and persuasiveness would plant him great at motivating the rest of the team. This does not mean that Jeremy, Jessica, and Bryan arent just as master(prenominal) to the team success .All workers from top to bottom are needed for a business to be successful. I strongly believe in the phrase you are only as good as your weakest explode. For this reason, I would make sure that they were given a chance to air their grievances and make suggestions on changes that should be made. I must make sure to allow every team member to have a say in the business processes because this is a weak point of my particular style. Flexibility on my part must be a focal point to ensure that all team members feel comprehend and feel like they hold value in the company.ConclusionAll of the information in the above plan will be closely monitored and periodic meetings will take place to allow time for all employees to voice their grievances or concerns to ensure that full compliance is being achieved. It is very important that habitue monitoring is performed to ensure that the company stays on track and will help ensure the long-term success of the company. Realizing each individual s style as well as their strengths and weaknesses will allow a more personal and individualizedapproach to be taken in regards to team kinetics and goal attainment.ReferencesUniversity of Phoenix. (2014). DISC Assessments Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, LDR531 website.DISC Test and DISC Assessment Explained. (2013). Retrieved from https//www.discinsights.com/whatisdisc.VBMXGGOEzSg

Marriage in Traditional African Society and It’s Televance Essay

The African marriage is full of deep-rooted culture that cannot be wished away. African culture and traditions are handed put through from generation to generation. The African marriage is an integral part of the whole African culture and was a Lords Supper of passage for every mature gentle man and woman. In African tradition, marriage was done after mortal had gone through the adolescent stage where different lessons on respect, morality and upholding the tribes culture and traditions. Once the man found a wench who was willing to tie him and of his choice, the man and his kin would go and visit the ladys family and get permission from the brides parents. He would visit the home with a few of his peers and they would gestate in the simba (bachelors hut) as the man went to get confirmation from the brides family. If he received good newsworthiness he would come back and tell his peers. This tralatitious practise is still relevant as it is venerating for a suitor to get per mission from the brides family if he should marry their fille.Though not arbitrary in todays society, it is a good show of faith from the brides family that they entrust their daughter in the mans hands. The circumstances ceremony which was known as Ayie (which means I agree). The mans family would visit the womans homestead. It is on the Ayie ceremony that a groom officially meets the parents of the bride for the kickoff time all other visits that could have taken place prior to the Ayie ceremony are unauthorized and in some cases may attract disciplinary action on the groom. If a groom visits the parents of the bride precisely without the intention to pay Ayie during the visit, he may be considered undisciplined, as his action may be interpret as arrogance or prematurely show off his relationship with the bride to her parents to time, although the mother of the bride may act a higher price whilst the groom may also negotiate a lower price.The dowry ceremony is still releva nt in todays society as its a sign of appreciation to the brides family for taking care of her. Polygamy in traditional Luo society is rampant. The man was allowed to marry to marry as many wives as he wished.This practice, though now constitutional is irrelevant in that most Luo men of today are Christians and conduct religious wedding ceremonies which forbid the union of a man to more than one woman. The practice is also expensive and does not cater for the needs of the women in the relationship. There was also wife inheritance in traditional Luo society. Once a womans husband died one of his brothers was to cater to all her needs and would take her in as a wife. This practice caused emotional distress to the mourning widow and also allowed for the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS. The traditional Luo marriage ceremony has its pros and cons. Like in every culture there are many classic values to carry on and many practices that cannot be sustained in the 21st century. As indiv iduals it is up to us to sift through the good in every culture and adapt it or gift away the irrelevant.

My use of ICT – iPod (personal)

My iPOD is a 20GB white iPOD. Me and my associate bought it about a year and a half ago to sh atomic number 18 between us. We decided to urinate that particular specimen of iPOD because, although it wasnt cheap, it had a genuinely large memory so that meant we could store both of our unison on it as we like very different music.To load the songs onto the iPOD you ca-ca to have a computer. With the iPOD comes a program to go on your computer called iTUNES. You load the songs onto this program via the disk drive on your computer. Then you connect up the iPOD to the computer and the iPOD automatically begins to download the songs onto it.Describe how the ICT is being employI use the iPOD mostly to hear to music, itemise the time, and occasionally gaming games when I am extremely bored. My brother uses the iPOD for the same reasons although he likes to play the games on it more than me. I like attending to music, I often try to it while on my paper round every morning. I have found it invaluable on long journeys, with me and my brother stuck in a gondola together for many hours. For the occasion when both me and my brother want to listen to at the same time we bought a splitter and an extra pair of headph stars. So in that route we listen to music together. We lowlife in like manner, which is very useful too, plug it into the sound system in the car so the whole family foot listen. I dont just use my iPOD to store music on though. Because my iPOD has a huge memory I can put on story tapes like the Harry monkey CDs. So we can listen to them in the car as well. I use the iPOD to occasionally tell the time too, its clock has been useful on several occasions when I havent had my phone with me.The advantages of using this engine roomI really like the iPOD. It is a clever design and has many advantages. Firstly, it can be used in so many different ways, plugged into headphones, into the computer speakers, into CD player speakers, into car speakers, its so easy In this way it has encouraged the use of more music. Music relaxes many but gives them the emancipation of listening to what you want, when you want. I find it useful on the airplane too as its so junior-grade and portable. It has a huge memory too so on that point is a very high demarcation to the number songs it holds, something like 5,000. Unlike the CD player, it rarely jogs. This is useful in general. However, having a inviolable disk, it can be damaged by shaking.The disadvantages of using this technologyTo transfer music onto the iPOD you have to have a computer. If someone doesnt have a computer, the iPOD is pretty useless. We do have a computer, but it is quite heavily used so I find it hard to find enough time for it to sit there and upload music onto it. I think the iPOD also can encourage illegal copying of music. The volume of music recorded on iPODs are in breach of copyright laws. I personally essay not to do this, as the music companies will end up l oosing coin. However it is very hard to feel sympathetic towards them when you here about them ripping off all these small, new, defenseless bands. I do feel that I could be appalling copyright laws, but I really dont know hardly what constitutes breaking the copyright. I know that you arent meant to copy CDs between friends but what about if me and my brother have gainful half and half for a CD? Are we only allowed to put it on one iPOD? Since I am not sure of the finer points of copyright, I dont really worry that much if I break it. Another bad point of the iPOD is that listening to very loud music played directly into your ears can damage them.I have been told off by my mum many times for playing music too loudly. Because people are listening to music they are not so aware of their surround so people are more likely to walk out in front of cars or get mugged. Music that is bought on iTunes cannot be used on any other MP3 players and vice-versa. iPODs are also iconic. Many pe ople, including me, think of iPODs to be the main MP3 player this makes them very expensive. The other is that iPODs get old very quickly. The makers keep bringing out new versions with added things. For example, as soon as we got ours, they brought out the same one with the ability to play videos for the same price. This is annoying but good business for the makers as they make money from us as we keep buying newer versions of their products.If I lived in a time without iPODs I would have to play my music on a CD player or even on tapes. The tapes get chewed up and CD players just arent as portable.So in summary, I think that although there are many disadvantages of the iPOD, the advantages out-weigh them. Having an iPOD, or any kind of portable MP3 player gives you freedom and more choice when and what to listen to.